（45 minutes）
Part A: Spot Dictation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the ward or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in you ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage only once.
It’s easy to think of computer as just machinery: buttons, screens and parts that work together. But the magic of computers comes from something _____________(1) to you. This is Computer Software In Plain English.
The problem with computers is that _____________(2) don’t speak their language. We need a _____________(3), something that can understand our needs and put the computer to work for us. The translator is called software and it makes computers useful. Look at it this way. Like a _____________(4), a computer without software is just a lifeless machine. _____________(5), the computer becomes more alive, easy to use and built for you.
Most computers have _____________(6), the operating system and software programs. If you’ve ever used a computer, you’ve used an _____________(7). From saving files to using a mouse or fixing problems, the operating system _____________(8). Operating systems come with all new computers and do a lot of the same things. You’ve seen them called Windows, Mac and Linux.
But the operating system is only part of what we need. To make them personalized and _____________(9), we can add software programs. For example, if you need to _____________(10), you can add a software program that is built for that purpose. If you need to design a house, you can add a software program that lets you see the house from all sides.
By adding and removing software programs, you can make the computer _____________(11) exactly what you want to do. And adding most software programs is easy. You can get them from a computer store or download them from the Internet. _____________(12). Once a program is on your computer, opening it is as easy as clicking an icon. But what is a software program? What’s really happening when you open one? Think about it this way: computers are really good at following instructions. And a software program is _____________(13) a set of instructions that tells the
computer exactly what to do. When you open a program, the computer goes to work, _____________(14) until the program is ready for you to use. The ability to _____________(15) software programs means that everyone’s computer can be different and unique to them.
So, to review. We’ve talked about operating systems that take care of the basics, and software programs that make computers personalized. It’s _____________(16) that makes computers so useful. But it’s _____________(17) computers on your desk. Consider your cell phone. Just like a computer without software, it’s a lifeless machine that doesn’t speak our language. Thankfully, cell phones have software that _____________(18). The same thing is true for many cameras, music players and even our cars. Every day we rely on software to bring machines to life and make them _____________(19). The next time you use a computer or cell phone, think about software’s role in translating your needs ____________(20) that put the machine to work for you. Part B: Listening Comprehension
1. Statements
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
1. (A) The new Windows Vista can not be used on most existing computers.
(B) Many people intend to try the new version Vista on their computers.
(C) Computers must meet certain standards to run on Vista.
(D) People who want to buy the new version must make sure
whether it is available on the market.
2. (A) The greatness of a people is not determined by their number any more.
(B) The greatness of a man is not determined by his height, nor is the greatness of a people determined by their number.
(C) The larger the number is, the greater the people will be.
(D) Though the greatness of a people is determined by their number, the greatness of a man is not determined by his height.
3. (A) Your work is so unsatisfying that your boss criticizes you personally.
(B) You need to worry when your boss points at you instead of your work.
(C) Your boss is mean by always criticizing your work.
(D) Your boss is concerned about you, as well as your work.
4. (A) Selection process is an essential part of interview.
(B) Try to present yourself as good as you appear on paper in interview.
(C) Your success depends largely on how you present yourself.
(D) Appearing good on paper and in person are equally important in interview.
5. (A) You shouldn’t trust her once more time because she always lies.
(B) You have known her better now, so you should trust her.
(C) You need to trust again, no matter how many times she’s lied to you.
(D) Even if she lied to you many times, you’d better still trust her. 6. (A) The research was carried out at 31 schools over the past 15 years.
(B) The majority of students in the research admit to cheating many times.
(C) More than 17% of students report that they cheated more than once during college.
(D) The research finds out that cheating during college is a common phenomenon.
7. (A) I couldn’t accept your suggestion, but this was not important.
(B) There would be less participation in such proceedings. (C) I would certainly not participate in such proceedings.
(D) I could not agree that you should participate in the proceedings. 8. (A) We had a very good time that evening with good food and comfortable atmosphere.
(B) I should have worried about the success of the evening.
(C) The food was as good as ever, but the atmosphere was a bit too cold.
(D) I didn’t worry about the food and atmosphere at all that evening.
9. (A) Some recent grads have trouble controlling their work.
(B) It is always hard to avoid giving up weekends and working late nights.
(C) Recent grads notice that some people have to work late nights. (D) What recent grads feel uncomfortable is to sacrifice their personal life.
10. (A) In 2002, seven in ten adults spent 10% of their income on medicine.
(B) Between 2000 and 2003, a great many adults were troubled by steep medical expenses.
(C) In 2001, seven in ten adults were in debt owing to high medical expenses.
(D) Between 2000 and 2003, 54.5 million people paid less than 10%
of their net income in medical expenses.
2. Talks and Conversations
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions Only ONCE. When you hear a question, read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 11--14
11. (A) Because the nurse requires her to take it. (B) Because she is driven crazy by her allergy.
(C) Because it’s a strong medicine that helps people sleep. (D) Because she’d like to try the new product. 12. (A) It maybe dangerous if taken incorrectly. (B) It is the least expensive allergy medication. (C) It should be available only by prescription. (D) It is an effective remedy for many illnesses. 13. (A) Capsules (B) Her test
(C) Drowsiness (D) Medication
14. (A) Complain to the manager of the pharmacy.
(B) Go back to the nurse for additional advice. (C) Buy a different medicine and hope it works. (D) Take the medicine a few hours before the test.
Questions 15--18
15. (A) To compare clinical diagnosis and treatment
(B) To describe how psychologists diagnose problems (C) To support the use of psychological testing (D) To diagnose the problems of students 16. (A) Psychic readings
(B) Client’s history (C) Interviews
(D) Personal letters
17. (A) To show that a client’s past behavior assists in diagnosis
(B) To compare the case histories of various clients
(C) To explain why some clients lie and some tell the truth (D) To entertain the students with stories of unusual clients 18. (A) They are short and easy to administer.
(B) They allow clients to diagnose their own problems. (C) They give the psychologist data for publication. (D) They reveal feelings the client cannot talk about. Questions 19--22
19. (A) A job opening in the computer lab (B) An interesting television program (C) An application for a scholarship
(D) An opportunity at a television station 20. (A) He will earn a high internship wage.
(B) He would like television work in the future. (C) He likes the other people who work there. (D) He will produce a movie of his own.
21. (A) To reassure the man about his chance of getting the position
(B) To find out if the man would like to meet her friend
(C) To encourage the man to apply for a different internship (D) To impress the man with her political connections 22. (A) Give him an internship application
(B) Help him with an assignment (C) Watch a television program
(D) Write a letter of recommendation Questions 23--26
23. (A) Television research is an interesting field.
(B) Advertising is effective in selling products.
(C) Television promotes a culture of consumerism. (D) The television industry should be regulated. 24. (A) To learn about the types of programs
(B) To understand the culture of the society (C) To decide which programs to export
(D) To measure how well it sells products
25. (A) Advertisers have the best ideas about what viewers want.
(B) The television industry depends on money from advertisers. (C) The government permits advertisers to vote for programs. (D) Most television stations are owned by large corporations
26. (A) Television is the best way to advertise products and services.
(B) Television has had a mostly negative effect on society. (C) Television has been unfairly criticized by intellectuals.
(D) Television deserves credit for creating an affluent society. Questions 27--30
27. (A) He needs help in preparing for the midterm exam.
(B) He wants advice about how to organize his paper. (C) He is concerned about his grade for the course. (D) He wants permission for his brother to visit class. 28. (A) He had difficulty understanding the assignments.
(B) He has spent a lot of time helping a family member. (C) He forgot the schedule for turning in assignments. (D) He had to work extra hours at his bio-research job. 29. (A) October 1 and 13
(B) October 2 and 3 (C) October 4 and 30 (D) October 21 and 30
30. (A) His work is the worst in the class.
(B) His work was better in the past. (C) His work will improve if he studies. (D) His work should be his top concern. l Part C: Listening and Translation
1. Sentence Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
2. Passage Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.
(1) (2)
SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS
(50 minutes)
Directions:In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ONE best answer. (A), (B), (c) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated of implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1-5
Here comes the summer of our discontent. Economic pessimism and high prices on gas and food have Americans in a sour mood and curtailing their vacation plans, though they probably need those stress-busting breathers more than ever. Just ask Amy and Adam Geurden of Hollandtown, Wisc., parents of Eric, 6, Holly, 3, and Jake, 2. \"We were going to take lots of weekends and short trips with the kids,\" says Amy. \"We were going to go to the Wisconsin Dells, the Bay Beach Amusement Park in Green Bay, to Chicago and Door County.\" Then Amy did the math: 17 miles per gallon in the Chevy Suburban and $4 a gallon gas. Now the Guerdens are planning a \"staycation\" around the backyard swimming pool instead. \"I'm really disappointed,\" she says.
So is almost everyone else. Almost 60 percent of Americans are cutting back their vacation plans because of gas prices. That's sad, because vacations are so good for you when you're feeling miserable. Here's how to squeeze in a little bit of travel fun without breaking the bank.
Location, location, location. Don't go so far away. \"Everyone has places they've always wanted to go in their home state and region,\" says Tim Leffel, author of \"Make Your Travel Dollars Worth a Fortune\". Instead of driving to the beach that's 400 miles away, fly to one of the Caribbean resort spots in Latin America for about the same amount of money. They've got off-season rates in the summer and have
currencies pegged to the dollar, so they're not getting pricey like the euro countries.
Getting there. Budget exactly how much you'll spend on gas by entering your destination. A family can save significantly by squeezing into the smaller car, or even renting a fuel-efficient car. Embrace all of those fuel-saving behaviors, like driving under the speed limit and keeping tires properly inflated. And check your GPS system to find the cheapest prices on gas along your way. Fill up early in the morning or late at night, when cool air makes the gasoline more dense, and you'll get more for the money. Alternatively, leave the car at home. Competitive pricing on long-distance buses and decent train fares are making mass transit a solid choice for the summer of 2008. Creative lodging. Hotels are cutting deals this summer. Before booking through a hotel Web site or 800 number, call the individual hotel directly and ask for their best rate. Pull out everything you've got—AAA membership, senior status, company affiliations, even your job title—to see if they've got a discount for you. Or seek unusual lodging: Kids love camping, the campgrounds might be quieter than usual. You can arrange to swap homes with a like-minded family who lives where you want to travel. Or follow the time-honored tradition of freeloading off friends.
Saving along the way. It's the little things that will drain your vacation budget, so control them. Travel with a cooler, some ice, your favorite snacks and drinks. You can stop at grocery stores instead of fast-food chains and buy supplies for two meals a day. Make lunch your fancy restaurant meal. Plan museum visits in advance, so you can catch their free or reduced-price days. And skip the souvenirs: nobody really wants those shot glasses and snow globes anyway. 1. The author cites the example of Amy and Adam’s family to show that ____ A. theyare planning a \"staycation\" around the backyard swimming
pool.
B. Americans are in a bad mood and clipping their vacation plans
due to economic pessimism and high prices on gas and food. C. they represent most American people. D. they are disappointed. 2. What is \"staycation\"?
A. A vacation spent at hotels.
B. A time period during which people take trips. C. A vacation spent close to home.
D. A time period during which people stay at home. 3. What does the word “pegged” mean?
A. Pinned
B. Fluctuated
C. Peaked D. Fixed
4. If you want a discount when lodging, you are advised to withdraw all of the following EXCEPT ____? A. Senior age B. Vip status
C. Company affiliations D. Job title
5. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. In order to control your travelling budget, you should not go so
far away.
B. You should take actions to save fuel when taking trips.
C. You can exchange homes with a like-minded family who lives
where you want to travel.
D. You should not pass over the beautiful souvenirs.
Questions 6~10
Displaying a giant banner protesting global warming, Greenpeace, the confrontational environmental group that has known better days, on Wednesday brought its campaign against oil exploration in the arctic to downtown Los Angeles.
Two activists climbed 13 stories up Atlantic Richfield's 51-story building before unfurling a banner featuring a polar bear and reading \"Arctic Oil; Global Warming, Chill the Drills. \"
Greenpeace has chosen the bear as a symbol because of scientific concerns about the vulnerability of arctic wildlife to global warming as icebergs melt and the northern habitat heats up.
Five people were arrested at the demonstration, which caused police to temporarily close portions of two streets and snarled downtown traffic for hours as Fire Department personnel positioned huge air bags on the ground in case the climbers fell.
For Greenpeace, the demonstration was one of several recent protests, after a reorganization over the summer, that mark a reemphasis of the sort of dramatic direct action that made the group famous.
After a steep decline in U. S. membership that saw the rolls drop to 420,000 from more than 1 million in 1991, the organization earlier this year closed 10 field offices across the country. It also began calling attention to some of its less controversial work—its efforts to develop a more energy-efficient car and its lobbying for tougher restrictions on the huge \"factory\" trawlers widely blamed for depleting worldwide fish populations.
But in September, members of the group launched a small flotilla
of inflatable dinghies into Alaska's Beaufort Sea in an effort to prevent a huge floating oil rig from moving to a drill site in coastal waters off the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
Greenpeace has targeted Arco because of the company's plans to look for oil just off the arctic refuge, the home of an extraordinary array of northern wildlife.
Although drilling operations could lead to spills or accidents that might harm bears, whales and birds, Greenpeace says its main concern is the long-term climate effects of oil dependency. The burning of fossil fuels is considered to be the primary way people contribute to global warming.
Al Greenstein, a company spokesman, said that Greenpeace was wrong to equate arctic oil drilling with global warming.
\"It's not a production issue. It's a matter of consumption,\" Greenstein said. \"As long as people choose to depend on oil, and we think they will for decades to come, the choice is whether to import oil or develop our own sources. \"
The five Los Angeles protesters were arrested on suspicion of trespassing.
6. The expression \"that has known better days\" (para.1) can mean
all of the following EXCEPT that ________. (A) it has once achieved more successes (B) it has once had a larger membership
(C) it has once organized more direct actions
(D) it has once been involved in more controversial issues
7. The expression \"Chill the Drills\" in the slogan \"Arctic Oil: Global
warming, Chill the Drills. \" (para.2) can possibly be paraphrased as \"______\".
(A) save the polar bears (B) stop the oil exploration
(C) reduce the consumption of fossil fuels (D) destroy the drilling apparatus
8. Which of the following is implied, but not directly stated, in the
passage?
(A) Greenpeace has had a sharp decline in membership. (B) Greenpeace has changed its tactics.
(C) Greenpeace has resumed dramatic direct actions. (D) Greenpeace has undergone reorganization.
9. According to the passage,, the five protesters were arrested at
the demonstration under the accusation that ______. (A) they stopped the traffic for hours (B) they destroyed part of the building
(C) they invaded private property without permission (D) they organised and headed up the demonstration
10.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? (A) Greenpeace Targets Arco Building in Latest Protest
(B) Five Protesters Arrested at Greenpeace Demonstration (C) Polar Bears: Central Concern of Greenpeace
(D) Oil Production vs. Oil Consumption: Global Warming
Questions 11~15
All men can trace their ancestry back to one man who lived 150,000 years ago and whose closest living relatives are a small tribe in South Africa, according to scientists who have spent a decade searching for the original Adam.
Research into the human Y chromosome—which sons only inherit from their fathers—has pinpointed the time and place where just one man gave rise to the male genetic ingredients of all men alive today.
The geneticists have also located the oldest direct descendants of this Adam, whom they say lived alongside an African Eve who was identified in similar studies 10 years ago.
The Khoisan people of South Africa:, some with a hunter-gatherer tradition stretching back thousands of years, share most of the genetic traits that first arose when Adam hunted game and collected berries in his African Garden of Eden.
Two independent investigations of minute mutations on the Y chromosome pinpointed the Khoisan people, who are also known as Bushmen or Hottentots, as the only ethnic group to possess so many ancient remnants of the original Adam.
Dr. Michael Hammer, a geneticist at the University of Arizona, analysed the Y chromosome of more than 1,500 men-selected from ethnic groups around, the world and found a clear line of descendent from the African Adam to the present-day Khoisan people.
\"One way of looking at this is that the Y chromosome traces back to people who lived in Africa. We have evidence that the Y chromosomes in all men today trace back to one African male at sometime in the past,\" he said. \"It is possible that this male was not anatomically modern. He may have been more like Homo erectus, one of our hominid ancestors,but his Y chromosome survived the change in the way we look. \"
By studying the variety of mutations in the Y chromosome of menalive today, Hammer's team was able to determine how long it has taken these genetic changes to arise and where the original source came from.
He found that the Khoisan,who speak a unique click language, preserved an ancient genetic signal as well as an old cultural heritage. \"The oldest branch of the [human family] tree that traces all the way
back to Adam is represented today by the Khoisan people,\" Hammer said. \"Something like 20% of the Khoisan men have this old, old Y chromosome. We don't find it at all in European populations and it is present, in very low levels, 2% or 3%,in other African groups. \"
A separate study of Y chromosomes by Dr. Peter Oefher, a senior researcher at Stanford University in California, also supports the link between Adam and the Khoisan, who now live in South Africa but whose ancestors probably, emigrated from the Rift Valley of east Africa where Homo sapiens is believed to have evolved.
The scientists said the research does not support the biblical story of a single man and woman in a Garden of Eden. \"This result does not mean there was ever only one male but rather that a unique mutation occurred, resulting in one son who defined the new (genetic) line and whose male descendants eventually reached a majority in Africa. Some offspring of this lineage left Africa to populate the entire globe,'\" Oefner said.
11.The Khoisan people of South Africa are studied by scientists
because
(A) they have shad a long hunter-gatherer tradition (B) their ancestors built the first Garden of Eden
(C) their descendants quickly spread to the whole world (D) they have possessed the earliest genetic traits of man
12.The expression “minute mutations” (para.5) can be paraphrased
as ____.
(A) immediate occurrences (B) small
alterations
(C) great transformations (D) slow
evolution
13.Which of the following is NOT true about the expression \"African
Garden of Eden\"?
(A) It is a geographical location in South Africa. (B) It is coined from the Holy Bible.
(C) It is used to symbolize the birthplace of the human race. (D) If is said to be the place where the legendary Adam and Eve
lived.
14.According to Dr. Peter Oefner, the Khoisan people _______. (A) have never left their land in South Africa
(B) have only one single man and woman as their earliest
ancestors
(C) have a unique genetic line in their male descendants (D) can find their history reflected in the Bible
15.Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the
passage?
(A) The Khoisan people are one of the earliest and advanced
civilizations in the world.
(B) The biblical account of human history is based on the ethnic
groups in South Africa.
(C) The investigation of genetic traits reveals that the earliest
human ancestors are from South Africa.
(D) Homo erectus and Homo sapiens are both the ancestors of
the human race.
Questions 16~20
Up to nine serving and retired police officers are acting as \"supergrasses\" to inform on corrupt colleagues at Scotland Yard , it was revealed yesterday.
The huge scale of the corruption uncovered within the Metropolitan Police has resulted in up to 300 convictions being re-examined to discover whether innocent people have been jailed.
Forty police officers have so far been suspended— including detectives from a witness protection unit— and nine serving and former officers have been charged in connection with drugs and money allegations.
In the largest anti-corruption drive for decades, about nine serving or retired officers have become informants.
The bulk of the officers have come from the former South East Regional Crime Squad (SERCS), which investigated major criminals, and the Flying Squad, the unit that targets armed robbers.
Most of the so-called \"supergrasses\" have offered to inform on their colleagues in the hope of receiving more lenient sentences for their own wrong-doings.
Among the informants are two former Flying Squad officers, and one detective constable who was attached to the former SERCS, and was arrested in connection with illegal drug activities.
As more officers are prepared to turn \"informer\"— in one case a detective is understood to have named up to 30 fellow officers — the number of allegations of police corruption is expected to rise sharply during the next few months.
As the inquiry by the specialist anti-corruption units CIB2 and, CIB3 widens, a growing number of officers are being suspended and charged in connection with offenses—including drug dealing, taking bribes, robbery, tampering with evidence, and even helping out with contract killings. Corrupt officers have made hundreds of thousands of pounds from their illegal activities. Six officers from the Special Witness Protection Unit have been suspended following allegations of \"financial irregularities\along with 17 from the Flying Squad unit based at Rigg Approach in Walthamstow, east London, and four from
the former South East Regional Crime Squad.
The most senior officer so far to be suspended is a detective chief inspector. A woman official of the Crown Prosecution Service has also been arrested by the Yard's anti-corruption team over allegations involving the supplying of confidential information and sabotaging cases.
One consequence of the inquiries is the large number of previous cases that involved suspected \"bent\" officers that could be over-turned on appeal.
A special Miscarriages of Justice Unit at Scotland Yard is examining about 300 cases stretching back two decades. There are believed to be up to 10 men serving long jail sentences because crooked detectives planted evidence against them. Once officers start being convicted, dozens of convicted criminals are expected to appeal against their sentences.
The latest development in the anti-corruption investigations, revealed by, senior police sources, follows a pledge by Sir Paul Condon, the Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, to stamp out wrong-doing by his officers.
A police source said that corruption was \"a way of life\" for the core of the suspected officers—who are believed to total about 40. 16.The word \"\"supergrasses\" can be replaced by _______. (A) serving and retired police officers (B) corrupt officers from Scotland Yard
(C) informants who are the victims of injustice
(D) informants who themselves have committed wrong-doings 17.The expression \"a way of life\" (last paragraph) probably means
_______.
(A) a kind of ideal life (B) a goal in
one's life
(C) an essential part of one's life (D) a means to
one's end
18.Which of the following is implied, but not directly stated, in the
passage?
(A) Without those police \"informers\many of the corruption
cases may not be uncovered.
(B) A number of people have been wrongly sentenced and
jailed.
(C) The current anti-corruption drive is the biggest over the
past decades.
(D) The corruption cases vary and some corrupt officers have
made a fortune.
19.It can be concluded that police corruption discussed in the passage
mainly takes place in ________.
(A) Scotland (B)
London
(C) the army (D)
the prison
20.Which of the following can be the best title for this passage? (A) The Impact of Anti-corruption Investigations (B) Police \"Informers\" Aiding Corruption Inquiry (C) The Growing of \"Supergrasses\" at Police Force (D) Corruption Spreading in Metropolitan Police
Questions 21~25
Anonymity has its virtues. Think of the friend who performs a thoughtful deed in secret, or the benefactor who insists that his name not appear on the building he funded.
But anonymity also comes with a darker side. Just ask the children who can't identify one parent, either because their biological father was a nameless donor at a sperm bank or because their genetic mother donated an egg to a surrogate-parenting program. For these offspring the haunting question, \"Who is my parent?\" produces another anguished query: \"Who am I?\"
\"Reproductive foundlings\" is the phrase one British woman uses for those like herself whose donor fathers remain unknown.
So serious is the issue that, on Nov. 18, a children's charity in Britain, Barnardo's, will hold a seminar in London to discuss the implications of donor-assisted pregnancies. Its title- \"Are we just creating children for parents? Are we ignoring the child's identity and genetic needs?\" Tessa Jowell, the British health minister, wants a position paper by Christmas, outlining the pros and cons of ending donors' rights to anonymity.
The debate is long overdue. In Britain, about 2, 000 births result from donor-assisted pregnancies each year. In the United States, estimates put the figure above 30,000, but in an unregulated industry, no one knows for sure.
Donor identity also ranks as a fledgling issue in the US. One sperm bank in California, founded in 1983, is looking ahead to 2001, when the first babies born from its services will come of age and perhaps begin seeking information about their fathers. The facility has formed an \"identity-release task force\" to create guidelines so the experience will \"be respectful for all involved. \" It claims it is the first sperm bank in the world to be doing this.
Selecting a potential father can be alarmingly simple—as easy as logging onto the Internet and scrolling through listings of sperm donors. One sample description; \"Caucasian / Irish, German, Slavic,
fair skin, blond wavy hair, blue eyes, 5-ft. 11 in 168 pounds, O positive blood type. \" Yet only 21 of the 44 donors listed on this Web page are willing to have their identity released.
Another Web site offers similar information on potential mothers. It reads: \"We are proud to announce the arrival of our new Egg Donor Database on the Internet! Our database has color photos and profiles of over 300 available Egg Donors. \" It adds that \"you can select specific criteria such as eye color, educational background, and ethnic origin. \" What could be simpler?
No one can minimize or trivialize the deep yearning for a child and the desire to create a family by any means necessary. Yet reproductive technology represents a slippery slope. Caught up in the \"miracle\" of being able to produce babies who otherwise would not have been born, well-meaning fertility specialists sometimes appear to forget that what is medically possible may not always be ethically wise.
The genie is out of the bottle. For better or worse, surrogate parenting is here to stay. The only prudent solution lies in carefully regulating every phase.
In the same way that adoption, once shrouded in secrecy, is becoming an open subject, surrogate arrangements must become more honest. Individuals are entitled to know their true background-knowledge that, when lovingly conveyed, need not diminish their relationship with the parents who raise them.
21.The tone of the phrase \"reproductive foundlings\" (para.3) is one of
_______.
(A) humour ,
(B) affirmation
(C) indifference (D)
reproach
22.The sentence \"The debate is long overdue. \" (para.5) can be
paraphrased as which of the following? (A) The debate comes at the right time.
(B) The debate should have started much earlier. (C) The debate should not be overlooked.
(D) The debate is to continue for a long time.
23.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
(A) Not all the donor parents are prepared to release their
identity.
(B) Reproductive technology is against moral ethics and should
be stopped.
(C) People have the right to create a family by different means. (D) Adopted children and test-tube children are facing the
similar issue of anonymous parents.
24.The metaphor \"The genie is out of the bottle. \" (para.10) is used to
imply _______.
(A) the benefits for test-tube babies brought up on the bottle (B) the value of the contribution of sperm or egg donors (C) the necessity for regulating surrogate arrangements
(D) both the positive and negative consequences of
reproduction technology
25.Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the
passage?
(A) The great significance of being anonymous as a donor
parent.
(B) The direct relationship between anonymity and virtues. (C) The possible implications of donors' anonymous identity. (D) The positive arguments on donors' rights to anonymity. Questions 26-30
Last year my wife, Melinda, and I visited an AIDS clinic in Durban, South Africa. We met women who had walked miles from nearby townships. When they arrived, they were greeted by a well-trained staff. There was an ample supply of antiretroviral drugs, which can help people with AIDS stay healthy for years. Patients were receiving counseling. As we chatted with one of the doctors in the clinic, it struck me: something was fundamentally different.
Nearly a decade ago, when Melinda and I started our foundation, we would go to sub-Saharan Africa or developing countries in other regions and see health workers struggling with broken equipment and empty medicine chests. We walked down dirty hallways packed with exhausted mothers holding sick children. In those days, many took it as inevitable that millions of poor people would die each year from diseases that are preventable, treatable or no longer present in the developed world. But that's starting to change. Today governments, aid groups and communities are simply refusing to accept the notion that diseases like malaria and tuberculosis will haunt us forever. The evidence is in: these problems can be solved.
The world can point to a number of victories already. Smallpox is gone, of course, and polio nearly so. Thanks to the leadership of the Carter Center, we've virtually eliminated guinea-worm disease, an excruciatingly painful parasite that is ingested with tainted water. There are new treatments available for visceral leishmaniasis, also called black fever, which is second only to malaria as the world's deadliest parasitic killer.
Millions of lives have been saved through better financing and delivery of the medical advances available today. The GAVI Alliance has immunized 100 million children, averting some 600,000 deaths last year alone, and a creative approach to the bond markets has
raised $1 billion more to buy more vaccines. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria is saving 3,000 lives a day. That clinic we visited in Durban was made possible by an American program: PEPFAR, the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. Those lifesaving drugs, the salaries for the staff—even the prefab building—were all financed with American tax dollars.
Some lifesaving solutions can be extremely simple—iodized salt to prevent stunted growth, for example, or oral rehydration solutions to fight diarrhea. Consider that one of the easiest ways to cut down on infant mortality is to keep babies warm and dry. Earlier this year, Save the Children recruited knitters through the Internet to knit and crochet 280,000 caps for infants.
Other solutions will arise from pioneering research now underway. Researchers are hard at work developing vaccines that don't need refrigeration or needles, which could make it easier and cheaper to deliver immunization in poor countries. Scientists are making important progress on new tools, like microbicide gels, to help women protect themselves against HIV. And clinical trials around the world are now testing what may be the greatest scientific breakthroughs of our time: vaccines for malaria, TB and AIDS.
I believe we stand at a moment of unequaled opportunity. Governments must now step up to the plate with more money—wisely targeted—to expand effective global health programs to reach all those in need. Businesses, community groups and individuals all play a role as well. When Melinda and I visited that PEPFAR clinic in South Africa, we were thrilled to see the progress we've made against one deadly disease. I'm now more convinced than ever that we can create a healthier world for everyone.
26. The primary purpose of the passage is to ____.
E. Interview patients in South Africa
F. Demonstrate several solutions of AIDS G. Present research results H. Show the progress the globe has made against several diseases 27. What does “something” mean in “something was fundamentally different” (para. 1)?
I. The medical environment in developing countries. J. The diseases in developing countries. K. The women in developing countries.
L. The ecological environment in developing countries. 28. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?
M. AIDS
N. visceral leishmaniasis O. guinea-worm disease P. immunization
29. About PEPFAR, which of the following is NOT true?
Q. It means the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. R. It is an American program.
S. It is financed with American tax dollars.
T. It plays a critical role in eliminating guinea-worm disease.
30. Why Melinda and I feel thrilled when visiting that clinic in South Africa?
U. Because they are greeted by lots of people.
V. Because they see the progress people have made against one
deadly disease.
W. Because they have a great opportunity to fight against one
deadly disease.
X. Because they can create a healthier world for everyone.
SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST(1)
(30 minutes)
Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. By the middle of this century,some two thirds of the world's nations, with at least five billion people ,will enjoy a standard of living which only the advanced economies now have. Some three billion of these people will live in Asia.
Collectively, the Asian countries will have a larger economy than the rest of the world put together. The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of China.
The rest of the world will be divided between the Euro-American countries, and the two big peripheral powers, Japan and Russia. Russia is a huge geographical country, with well educated people, and will eventually recover.
In term of nations, it will be a world of much greater economic equality. Although there will still be poor countries, most will be quite rich. Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small number who are very rich.
SECTION 4: TRANSLATION TEST(2)
(30 minutes)
Directions:Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
到2010年，上海市人均国内生产总值预计将达到9000 美元。这一目标的实现，最直接的应该是老百姓住得更宽敞、更舒适了。
因为从市民的“衣、食、住、行”消费来讲，住房是一个重要因素，而且占了大头。届时，上海人均住房面积将会大幅增加。
除此之外，老百姓的服务性消费，如教育、信息、旅游等消费 会大量增长。用一句话来表述，那便是未来老百姓的生活会更好，那时老百姓的生活将和中等发达国家的居民一样。
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