Transportation
Transportation (Sum up)
There are two types of transportation: public transportation and private transportation. Examples of public transportation are: buses, trains, tramways, subways, cable cars, ships etc. Examples of private transportation include: private cars, bicycles, motorbikes, as well as walking on foot. Many people prefer means of private transportation to the public transportation, because it is a lot more comfortable, even though it’s pricier: you don’t have to get crammed in a crowded in a crowded wagon if you are driving your own vehicle. Also, riding a bike or a motorbike permits to avoid the traffic on the streets, since in the big cities there are special biking lanes which don’t allow buses or cars. On the other hand, using means of public transportation also has its advantages; first of all, it’s really cheap, nowadays you can purchase a special IP card, and then swipe it every time you get on and get off the bus and save up additional money on cost of transportation. Second, subways are built underground so if you use it, you don’t have to experience the congested streets on the ground. They are fast, and there are many different lines so if you transfer you can get almost anywhere you need. Third, using cable cars or special buses that don’t emit carbon dioxide into the air helps protecting the environment and the ozone layer above.
Traffic jams (traffic congestion) is a big problem in big and developed cities all over the world. The situation could be improved if the public transportation system is radically changed; if the subway and train system gets more developed it will be more attractive to the citizens, than purchasing private cars that pollute the air and are responsible of the growing traffic jam problem. In consequence, the streets wouldn’t be jammed with private cars going in all the possible directions.
To improve the situation on the streets of the big cities, the government should take various measures; for example, try to relocate some of the companies into the suburbs in order to make the centre of the city less crowded. This reorganization of a densely populated area could be one of the crucial solutions to the traffic congestion problem. The officials should also think of creating new projects to make new subway lines, bus routes and biking lanes so that the means of public transportation are more appealing to the citizens. Also, creating green tax (the kind of tax that the citizens pay the government for them to take measures to protect the environment) is one of the possibilities to help the traffic congestion and resulting from it, air pollution (smog). Unfortunately, these projects cost a lot of money, and take a lot of time and effort, so the situation on the streets can only improve gradually and in a very slow pace.
交通运输（总结） 交通有两种类型：公共交通和私人交通。公共交通包含：公共汽车，火车，电车，地铁，缆车，轮船等，私人交通工具包括：私家车，自行车，摩托车，以及徒步行走。和公共交通相比，很多人更喜欢私人交通，因为它很舒适，即使高价相对较高：如果你自己开车，你就不用被拥挤了。另外，骑自行车或摩托车，可以避免街上的交通堵塞，因为在大城市有专门的自行车车道，不允许公交车或汽车驶入。另一方面，选择公共交通也有其优势，首先，它很便宜，如今你可以购买一个特殊的IP卡，然后刷卡，每次换成过程中还可优惠，减少额外的运输成本。第二，地铁建在地下，如果你使用它，你不会体验到在地面上交通拥挤的感觉。他们的速度快，有许多不同的线路，所以你可以到达你需要去的地方。第三，使用电缆车或特别巴士，不排放二氧化碳到空气中的，有助于保护环境和臭氧层。 在世界各地大点的发达城市，交通拥堵（交通堵塞）是一个大问题。这种情况可能得到改善，如果公共交通系统从根本上改变。如果地铁和火车变得更发达，它将会比购买私家车更有吸引力，为人们严重的交通堵塞和空气污染而负责，因此，在空点的街道将不再会被挤满了私家车。 要改善大城市街道上的情况，政府应采取各种措施，例如，搬迁一些企业到郊区的使市中心没那么拥挤。重组是解决人口稠密地区的交通挤塞问题的关键方案之一。政府还应该考虑创建新项目，使新的地铁线路，公交线路和自行车车道，让公共交通更具吸引力。此外，创建绿色税（税收，公民向政府缴纳，对他们采取措施，以保护环境）的可能性，以帮助交通拥堵和由此产生的空气污染（烟雾）。不幸的是，这些项目的费用需要大量的资金，并要采取很多的时间和精力，所以街道上的情况只能以一个非常缓慢的的速度逐渐提高。
Should Government Spend Money On Public Transportations Or Roads?
Polluted air, sun heated temperature, and poor quality of public
transportations are Jakarta’s traffic condition. It’s worsen by the road traffics cause by the increasing amount in the usages of personal cars, that always take part in the crowds. Although there are many options of transportations and the access of highways and roads to shortened the amount of time consuming, Jakarta inhabitants are still dealing with the same problem continually. Well-improved public transportations will decrease the amount of personal cars usages. The public transportation companies have very poor services for jakarta’s citizens which served as their loyal customers. If the facility has been reconditioned, it will attract more attentions from the new and potential customers who never use it before. As a result from the growth of public transportations usages, the rush-hour traffic will be lessened. As an instance, Jakarta has many options for public
transportations. Although reconsidered as a metropolitan city, the condition of the public transportation facilitiy is a tragic. Corroded iron bench, non air conditioner applied, unclean passengers area, and high lists of criminalities “performed” in the facilities show the credibility of Jakarta’s public transportation image. But, the government surprised the citizens by launching the new alternative transportation that offers safety, comfort, and hygiene for their
customers. The most wanted facility to enjoy is the Busway. When Busway was first introduced to Jakarta inhabitants, the public joyfully welcome the new alternative transportation and hoped that it will be the solution for road traffics which are their main problem.
Improving roads and highways cost more funds and time. To recondition and to build roads and highways will pressure the government to strategically planned the budget. Highway constuctions budget usually does not refund until long period of time usages. If the funds are not available to support the roads and highways constructions, the result will not be as what the citizens expect of. Building roads and highways are a time consuming project that includes a lot of proffesional architects and workers, the project will provoked the comfort of roads and highways users and causing more road traffics problem. The example is the project to broaden the highway to Soekarno-hatta international airport. The project cause more road traffic for the customers who want to arrive as fast as they can in the airport to avoid lateness. Huge construction machines, construction
workers, and the restricted area for the customers that reserved as the construction workers workstation are the main cause that annoyed the customers. Highways and roads are not accessible for all vehicles and all communities. Highways and roads access are not approachable to those who only have two-wheel drive. They will not receive the same conveniences that the government supplied for those who have more than two-wheel drive.
Furthermore, the toll for using highways and roads are costly for middle to low class society. As an illustration, from the first time three years ago, Busway has influenced the highest admiration from the Jakarta citizens because Busway offers comfort, safety, and the efficiency of time to reach vary destinations in Jakarta with affordable prices that fits into all communities.
Improving roads and highways can induce the society to use personal transportations. When the constructions of the highways are increasing, the citizens are captive in a situation with no options. The citizens are forced to use the highways to reach their destinations. Despite of the unflexible rule that restrict two-wheel drive vehicles and high priced tickets, highways are constructed to link the route from one place to another. In the end, the society will be addicted in using expressway and the construction of highways will happen in cycles and wasting a lot of funds. For example, the first highway constructed in Jakarta is the Jagorawi highway which links the route from Jakarta to Bogor and in the opposite way. The Jagorawi highway has reached the success in facilitating the citizens especially commuters to move from one city to another in a short amount of time. When the government realized how much the benefits and popularity gained from the Jagorawi highway, they immediately formed PT. Jasamarga as the management of Indonesia’s highways and planned for the forthcoming highway projects.
In conclusion, public transportations have a very remarkable reputation amongst the society. Therefore, government should pay more attention on improving and creating public transportation facilities that offer safety, comfort, hygienic space, affordable prices, and accessible for all communities.
污浊的空气，阳光加热温度，差的公共交通的质量，是雅加达的交通条件。 ，AOS恶化的道路交通事业的不断增加，个人车的惯例，始终走在人群中的一部分。虽然有很多选择，运输和公路和道路，以缩短耗时量的访问，雅加达居民仍然在处理同样的问题不断。 改善公共交通将减少个人汽车用法用量。公共交通公司的服务非常差，雅加达的公民作为自己的忠实客户。如果设施已修复的，它会吸引更多的关注从那些从来没有使用之前的新的和潜在的客户。作为一个从公共交通的用法增长，交通高峰时，将会减轻。作为一个实例，雅加达有很多选择公共交通。虽然重新作为一个大都市，公共交通facilitiy条件，是一个悲剧性的。锈蚀的铁板凳，非空调应用，不洁的乘客区，和高criminalities，Äúperformed列表，显示了非盟在该设施的信誉雅加达的公共交通形象。但是，政府感到惊讶的公民，通过推出新的替代品运输提供安全，舒适，并为他们的客户的卫生。最想要的设施，享受母线槽。当母线槽雅加达居民首次推出，市民高兴地欢迎新的替代交通工具，并希望这将是对道路交通，这是他们的的主要问题的解决方案。 改善道路和公路的成本更多的资金和时间。为了整修和修建道路和公路将政府施压，以战略规划预算。公路constuctions预算通常不退还，直到长一段时间的惯例。如果资金不到位，支持道路和公路建设，结果将不作为公民的期望。建设道路和公路是一个耗时的项目，其中包括很多proffesional的建筑师和工人，该项目将挑起了道路和公路使用者的舒适度，并造成更多的道路交通问题。这个例子是苏加诺 - 哈达国际机场的高速公路项目，以扩大。该项目引起更多的客户谁想要，因为他们可以快速抵达机场，以避免迟到的道路交通。巨大的施工机械，建筑工人，并为客户保留，作为建筑工人工作站禁区，惹恼了客户的主要原因。 公路和道路是不是对所有车辆和所有社区的访问。公路和道路的访问是不平易近人，那些只有两轮驱动。他们不会接受政府提供那些有超过两轮驱动的相同的便利。此外，收费公路和道路使用中低阶级社会付出高昂代价。作为一个例证，从三年前第一次，母线槽已影响从雅加达公民的最高钦佩，因为母线槽提供舒适，安全和效率的时间，以达到不同的目的地在雅加达与负担得起的价格，适合所有社区。 改善道路和公路，可诱发社会使用的个人交通。当公路建设也不断增加，市民在不带任何选项的情况下，圈养。公民被迫使用公路到达目的地。尽管unflexible规则限制两轮驱动的车辆和高价位的门票，高速公路兴建的路线，从一个地方到另一个链接。最后，社会将沉迷在使用高速公路和公路建设将发生在周期和浪费了大量的资金。例如，在雅加达兴建第一条高速公路是Jagorawi公路连接的路线从雅加达，茂物和相反的方向。 Jagorawi公路已达到促进公民，特别是乘客将在很短的时间从一个城市到另一个成功。当政府意识到有多大的好处和普及从Jagorawi高速公路的经验，他们立即成立了PT。 Jasamarga印度尼西亚，AOS公路的管理，并为即将举行的公路工程计划。 总之，公共交通有一个非常显着的声誉，社会之中。因此，政府应更加重视改善和创造公共交通设施，提供安全，舒适，卫生空间，实惠的价格，并为所有社区访问。
Transportation Saftey
Transportation Safety
For my third and final paper regarding the transportation bill that President Barack Obama has brought to the table. According to
www.grist.com, there are nearly 1,800 interest groups both public and private that are lobbying on transportation infrastructure. From these groups there are primarily cities, counties, transit agencies or construction interests that are searching for government funding from congress to create new highways and more efficient transit
systems. There are two major umbrella groups who have enacted a campaign to persuade voters to get their representatives to finish the
bill to help their local transportation roadways. These two groups are called Americans for Transportation Mobility and the Transportation Construction Coalition. These two groups also account for members that are included in the Associated General Contractors as well as the U.S. Chamber of Commerce.
This major campaign is a nationwide effort to enlighten voters about how the passing of this transportation bill will, among many issues, help road conditions throughout the country and the safety of people using the roadways. This nationwide effort with many different sectors involved includes but not limited to business, labor and transportation
organizations throughout the United States. The mission statement of the Americans for Transportation Mobility states that the decline in the transportation infrastructure of our nation is dangerous to our safety, jeopardizes our quality of life, undermines the economy and finally, harms the environment substantially. According to their website
www.fasterbettersafer.org, a recent study estimated that $225 billion is needed annually to maintain our surface transportation system and currently there is a $60 billion gap in that much needed investment. In 2006, there was a death on our nation’s roads every five hours and one-third of these fatalities are due to under maintained roads. This major interest group is heavily interested in fixing America’s roads also because the cost of the millions of traffic crashes accounted for over $162 billion a year.
Within the Americans for Transportation Mobility there is a management committee comprised of many different associations, each that have their own president. Three of the major management committees are the American Public Transportation Association headed by William Millar, American Road Transportation Builders Association headed by Pete Ruane, and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce run by Thomas J. Donohue. Each of these associations has major interest in different sectors, and all of which want to have their own input on this dominant bill.
The American Public Transportation Association is an international organization that has been representing the transit industry since 1882. Their mission is to strengthen and improve public transport and has a very diverse membership that is trying to make public transportation available and accessible for all Americans across the country. This interest group is very open to ideas and suggestions on the improvement of America’s public transportation and over ninety percent of passengers using transit in both the United States and Canada are sustained by the American Public Transportation Association. According to their membership handbook, the APTA is your voice in Washington and they represent your issues and interests while providing members consistent updates on those interests as well as legislative issues. The APTA has many business opportunities to obtain contacts, exposure and focus
potential customers on your particular products and services you
provide. The APTA has many conferences across the country in which you are able to obtain information and training so that you are able to further your career as well as business opportunities. As a member you are also entitled to unlimited use of their resources and information as well as participate in their many committees and audit programs to benefit you and your career. To join this interest group there are dues based upon their criteria and which category you will join. The annual minimum fee is $1,250 and from there, there are additional charges based upon criteria such as how many buses your company runs as well as the amount of operating expenses you incur.
The American Road Transportation Builders Association is a major player in the U.S. transportation and design sector of transportation
infrastructure which goes before congress, the White House and the Executive Brand and federal agencies. The primary reason for joining this group is the impressive track record of growing the federal transportation construction and is involved in every major piece of federal transportation legislation. In order to become a member and to view the membership benefits, you must contact their National Field Director Kenyon Gleason. Their dues also fluctuate into which category you and your company falls in such as the amount of annual volume to dues for a single executive from a government agency. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce website states that they believe that without proper investment and attention to the infrastructure systems, the economic stability of our nation, the potential for job growth and America’s competitiveness globally are in jeopardy. The Chamber’s plans are to motivate private spending, invest in the declining transportation infrastructure and modernize and protect the energy infrastructure. They believe that by removing legal and regulatory barriers, this will help protect public health as well as public safety and improving the environment. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce is
fighting for the improvement of allowing industries to make investments with confidence and by making efficiently timed decisions on energy projects to avoid pricey delays. To become a member you need to identify what type of organization you are whether it is business, chambers or associations. In order to obtain information regarding fees, you must provide name, e-mail and which membership type you want to join. There are many membership benefits such as discounts on services like car rentals and memberships to Sam’s club. Overall these are just a few of the hundreds of transportation infrastructure interest groups available to the public to become a member. All of these interest groups have major influence on Congress and to become a member there are many stipulations and fees
involved. By having to pay these fees, I believe that the people
involved with these groups have much more involvement with the
transportation issues this country needs to address and fix. Our transportation is sub-par especially locally in Green Bay,
Wisconsin. Many of the roads are extremely rugged and take a serious toll on cars, buses and trucks. Another major local issue is the public bus system. The availability of buses at night are non-existent so if someone were to take a bus to a movie at night, they would not be able to get back home by bus.
运输安全
对于我的第三个和最后的文件，有关交通法案，奥巴马总统带来了表。据www.grist.com，有近1800公共和私人利益集团，游说交通基础设施建设。从这些团体主要有市，县，过境机构或正在寻找来自国会的政府拨款，创造新的公路和更高效的运输系统的建设利益。主要有两个伞组已制定了一项运动，说服选民，得到他们的代表来完成法案，以帮助当地的交通道路。这两个群体是所谓的“美国运输的机动性和交通建设联盟。这两个群体也占，包括在总承包商协会以及美国商会的成员。 这主要活动是在全国范围内努力开导选民通过这一交通法案，其中的许多问题，帮助全国各地的道路状况和安全使用道路的人。这涉及许多不同行业的全国性的努力，包括但不限于在美国各地的商界，劳工和运输组织。运输移动状态的美国人的使命声明，在我们民族的交通基础设施的下降是我们的安全造成危险，危害到我们的生活质量，破坏了经济，最后，大大损害了环境。据他们的网站www.fasterbettersafer.org，最近的一项研究估计，2250亿美元，每年需要保持我们的地面运输系统，目前有一个600亿美元的缺口，急需投资。在2006年，我们的民族是一个死亡的道路每五个小时，这些死亡的三分之一是由于在维持道路。这主要利益集团巨资修复美国感兴趣的道路也因为交通事故数以百万计的成本占每年超过162亿美元。 在美国人的运输移动，有许多不同的协会，每个有自己的总统组成的管理委员会。三个主要的管理委员会是由威廉米拉尔率领的美国公共交通协会，美国公路运输商协会为首的皮特Ruane，由托马斯J ·多诺霍和美国商会的运行。这些协会中的每个人都有不同界别的重大利益，而所有这一切都希望有他们自己的输入这个占主导地位的法案。 美国公共交通协会是一个国际组织，自1882年以来一直代表交通行业。他们的任务是加强和改善公共交通，并具有非常多样的成员，正在努力使公共交通和为所有美国人提供全国各地的。这个利益集团是非常开放的美国改善的公共交通和超过百分之九十的使用在美国和加拿大是由美国公共交通协会持续的过境旅客的意见和建议。 “亚太贸易协定”是根据他们的会员手册，您的声音在华盛顿，代表您的问题和利益，同时提供成员一致的更新，这些利益以及立法问题。亚太贸易协定已经取得接触，接触潜在客户，并专注于您的特定产品和服务您提供众多的商机。 “亚太贸易协定”已在全国各地的许多会议上，你能够获得信息和培训，使您能够进一步的职业生涯以及商业机会。作为会员，您也有权无限制地使用他们的资源和信息，以及参加他们的许多委员会和审计方案，帮助您和您的职业生涯。要加入这个利益集团有根据自己的标准和类别中，您将加入会费。每年的最低费用是$ 1,250，并从那里，也有根据，例如有许多巴士公司运行以及你招致的营运开支的数额标准的额外费用。 美国的公路运输商协会是一个在美国交通运输和交通基础设施建设，在国会，白宫和执行品牌和联邦机构的设计部门的主要参与者。加入这个小组的首要原因是越来越多的联邦交通建设的骄人记录，并在每个联邦运输法的主要是参与。为了成为会员，并查看会员优惠，您必须联系他们的国家实地主任肯扬格里森。他们的会费也波动到哪一类您和您的公司在这样落年交易量政府机构从单一的行政费的金额。 商务部网站国的美国商会，他们认为，没有适当的投资和关注的基础设施系统，我们的国家的经济稳定，就业增长和美国的潜力，AOS的竞争力，在全球范围内危险之中。总商会的计划，以鼓励私人消费，投资在下降，交通基础设施建设和现代化，并保护能源基础设施。他们认为，消除法律和监管障碍，这将有助于保护公众健康，以及保障公众安全和改善环境。美国商会是争取允许产业投资的信心和能源项目，有效地定时的决定，以避免昂贵的延误的改善。要成为会员，你需要确定你是什么类型的组织，无论是企业，商会或协会。为了获得有关费用的信息，你必须提供姓名，e - mail和您要加入的会员类型。有许多会员优惠，如对如汽车租赁和萨姆的俱乐部会员资格服务的折扣。 总体而言这些都只是少数的数百个交通基础设施提供给公众的利益集团成为其中一员。所有这些利益集团对国会产生重大影响，并成为其中一员，有涉及的许多规定和收费。通过支付这些费用，我相信，与这些团体参与的人有更多的参与与这个国家的交通问题需要解决和修复。我们的交通是低于标准杆，特别是在威斯康星州绿湾，本地。许多道路是非常坚固，并采取上车，公共汽车和卡车的沉重代价。另一个主要问题是公交系统。在夜间，巴士可用性是不存在的，所以如果有人要坐公共汽车到晚上的电影，他们会不会能够回到公车回家。
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