原文第一段解析： I’ve worked in the factories surrounding my hometown（现在分词作后置定语修饰前面的factories） every summer since (since 引导的时间状语从句） I graduated from（短语：毕业于） high school, but making
the transition（转变）between school and full-time blue-collar work （动名
词作主语）during the break（此处指假期） never gets any easier. For a student
like me who considers any class before noon to be uncivilized（who 引导的
定语从句修饰先行词student）, getting to a factory by 6 o’clock each morning is
torture（核心词汇torture). My friends never seem to understand why I’m so relieved to be back at school or that my summer vacation has been anything but (注意和nothing but的区别） a vacation.
相关词汇和短语： 1. graduate from 2. transition 3. uncivilized 4. torture 5. relieve 6. anything but
译文：自从高中毕业后, 我每个夏天都会在家乡附近的工厂里打工,但是在假期里,要从学
校生活转变为全职蓝领工作总是不那么容易。我认为在学校上午上课是不舒适的，对于一个像我这样的学生来说，每天早晨6点前就要到工厂简直就是一种折磨。 我的朋友们似乎不明白我回到学校时为什么会那么如释负重，他们也不明白我的暑假根本算不上假期。
原文第二段： There’re few people as self-confident as a college student who has never been out in the real world. People of my age always seem to overestimate the value of their time and knowledge. In fact, all the classes did not prepare me for my battles with the machine 1 ran in the plant, which would jam whenever I absent-mindedly put in a part backward or upside down.
原文第二段解析： There’re few people as self-confident as a college student who has never been out in the real world（who 引导的定语从句修饰
student). People of my age always seem to overestimate (高估/反义词
underestimate) the value of their time and knowledge. In fact, all the classes
did not prepare me for my battles（此处为一个比喻） with the machine I ran
（意为操作operate) in the plant, which would jam whenever （意为every time 每
当） I absent-mindedly （心不在焉地） put in a part（此处意为零件）
backward or upside down. 相关词汇和短语： 1. self-confident 2. overestimate 3. absent-mindedly
译文： 很少有人像从来没步入真实社会的大学生那样自信。我的同龄人似乎总是高估自己的时间和知识的价值。事实上，并不是所有的课都能使我做好准备，让我应对那些在工厂里操作的机器。每当我心不在焉地把零件放反或颠倒的时候，机器就会卡住。
原文第三段： The most stressful thing about blue-collar life is knowing your job could disappear overnight . Issues like downsizing（裁员）and overseas relocation had always seemed distant to me until my co-workers told me that the unit I was working in would shut down within six months and move to Mexico, where people would work for 60 cents an hour. 原文第三段解析： The most stressful（最有压力的） thing about blue-collar life is knowing your job could disappear（失业） overnight（一夜间）. Issues（问题problems) like downsizing（裁员）and overseas relocation (迁址海外)had always seemed distant to me until my co-workers told me that the unit （指工作单位） I was working in would shut down (close/关闭）within six months and move to Mexico, where people would work for 60 cents an hour.
相关词汇和短语： 1. stressful 2. overnight 3. issue 4. shut down
译文： 蓝领工人生活中压力最大的事情是知道自己可能会一夜之间丢掉工作。 像裁员或迁址海外这些问题看起来好像一直离我很遥远，直到一位工友告诉我，我所工作的工厂将会在六个月内关闭并迁到墨西哥，在那里，工人每小时挣60 美分。
原文第三段：After working 12-hour shifts in a factory, the other options have become only too clear. When I’m back at the university, skipping classes and turning in lazy re-writes seems too irresponsible after seeing what I would be doing without school. All the advice and public-service announcements about the value of an education that used to sound stale now ring true.
原文第三段解析： After working 12-hour shifts(轮班：day shift白班/night shift 夜班） in a factory, the other options(choice =alternative选择） have become only too clear. When I’m back at the university, skipping classes（逃课） and turning in lazy re-writes(动名词短语作主语） seems too irresponsible（不负责任的) after seeing what I would be doing without school.
All the advice and public-service announcements about the value of an education that used to sound stale(此句话的主语很长，中心名词advice and
public-service announcements后带有about介词短语，且education后又带有一个定语从句）
now ring （和sound 同义听起来）true. 相关词汇和短语： 1. shift 2. Option 3. skip classes 4. turn in 5. irresponsible
6. stale 陈腐的；不新鲜的；走了味的
译文： 经历过在工厂里每天12 小时的轮班工作后，我就非常清楚自己要做的选择了。 当我回到大学时，在认识到不学习的后果后，逃课、上交因不努力而被要求重写的作业看起来都太不负责任了。 关于教育价值的建议和公共服务声明，过去听起来像陈词滥调，现在听上去都是有道理的。
原文第四段：These lessons I'm learning, however valuable, are always tinged（带有）with a sense of guilt. Many people pass their lives in the places I briefly work, spending 30 years where I spend only two months at a time. \"This job pays well, but it's hell on the body,\" said one co-worker. \"Study hard and keep reading,\" she added.
原文第四段解析：These lessons （教训） I'm learning, however valuable, are always tinged（带有）with a sense of guilt（内疚感 a sense of pride/responsibility/humor自豪感、责任感、幽默感）. Many people pass（意为spend
度过） their lives in the places I briefly work（定语从句）, spending 30 years where I spend only two months at a time. \"This job pays well, but it's
hell on the body（此处是一个比喻,hell 地狱，喻为对身体不利）,\" said one co-worker（=colleague). \"Study hard and keep reading,\" she added.
相关词汇： 1. lesson 2. valuable
3. a sense of guilt 内疚感 译
文
：
我学到的这些经验尽管是有价值的,但总是略带一丝内疚
。
很多人要在我短暂工作过的地方度过一生，我每次在那只待两个月，而他们要过30年。“这份工作待遇不错，就是对身体不好”，一位工友说。 “努力学习，继续读书”她补充道。
原文第四段：My experiences in the factories have inspired me to make the most of my college years before I enter the real world for good.
原文第四段解析： My experiences in the factories have inspired(核心词汇:激励） me to make the most of （=make the best of 充分利用） my college years before I enter the real world for good（=forever）. 相关词汇和短语： 1. inspire
2. make the best of
译文： 工厂的经历一直激励我在步入真实社会之前充分利用大学时光。
文章读懂了，下面开始做题，让我们先掌握以下仔细阅读的答题步骤和思路，请同学仔细阅读：
一 做题步骤：
1. 阅读题干，了解文章大意 .
2. 定位词定位信息区间，区间内重点阅读考点句。
3. 将原文信息和选项进行一一对应的比较。 下面详细分析这三个步骤： 1. 阅读题干，了解文章主要内容。
考官一般会选择文章的重要信息出题，所以读完5个题干，很多情况下就能够大致了解一篇文章的主要内容。同学拿到一篇阅读不要先看文章，先看5个题干。然后再通过做每一道题，顺便读到对应的文章信息。这样题目按顺序做，文章也能按顺序读完。同学在读题干的时候要注意三件事; ① 不要读选项。
读选项一方面浪费时间，另一方面同学读选项是时一定会读到混淆选项。会对接下来的做题有影响。
② 尝试找到文章主题词。
并不是每篇阅读都能在题干中找到主题词，但同学如果能发现某个词再5个题干中反复出现。这就是文章的主题词。接下来做题读文章时，注意包含主题词的句子。这种句子重要，可能会和正确答案有关。另外找到主题词对做题也会有帮助，下文会有解释。 ③ 注意每道题目的定位词。
先读完5道题干，对题目的定位有重要帮助。比如，大家做第二题的时候始终找不到定位，但是如果能先找到了第三题的定位，那么第二题查找就更容易了。 2. 定位词定位信息区间，区间内重点阅读考点句。
关于定位的注意事项 ①定位词。
尽量优先选择题干中的名词定位。形容词和动词更容易被改写或忽略。 ②多个定位词定位。
同学谨记，不仅正确选项对应原文，绝大多数题干的信息其实也一一对应原文信息。所以同学尽量带着题干所有的信息，准确的定位到题干对应在原文的一句信息。因为考官现在也了解我们的做题方式，所以如果同学只带着题干个别单词定位，很可能会定位到原文中考官设置的混淆信息。
③顺序原则定位。
自从06年四级改革以来，四级阅读几乎从来没出现过信息乱序的情况。也就是说第一题的信息区间，一定在第二题的前面。第三题的信息区间，一定在第二题的后面。所以同学如果第二题做不出来，千万不要通读全文去理解，推测作者意图做题。可以先做第一题，再做第三题。两题之间的信息区间中，就隐藏着第二题的正确答案。 ④信息区间。
找到题干对应文章的一句信息之后，同学继续向下读，(在读到下道题信息出现之前)一般就可以找到正确选项对应的信息。 只有两种情况，同学需要向上找寻信息： a.定位到的信息为数字串，或举例说明部分。
b.出现了逻辑关系词(therefore，so，as a result)或代词(that is，these are) ⑤考点句。
考点句就是原文中，考官出正确答案那个句子。一般来说，这些句子就是文章中提示重要内容的一些信息。下面是总结的四级阅读中常见考点句的一些标志。(最常考的三个给同学做了标注)
and开头的句子。
含比较最高表达的句子。(rather than，most likely，绝对表达等) *转折逻辑关系(but，however，yet，although等) 因果逻辑关系
*数字串或举例的前句和后句
*结论建议型语言(research indicates, report suggests等) 段落的首句末句第二句 段首代词
解释说明(，：--后的解释说明部分)
3. 将原文信息和选项进行一一对应的比较。
关于一一对应，细节题的文章中也提及过。这里换一个2011年12月最鲜活的例子，让同学再熟悉下我们的做题口诀，一一对应。 原文：
Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music.
Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity (阳刚), the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype. a US study says.
Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the \"boy code\" of hiding their emotions to be a \"real man\".
选项：57. The author believes that a single-sex school would ____ . A) force boys to hide their emotions to be \"real men\" B) help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys C) encourage boys to express their emotions more freely D) naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man 正确答案：C
同学一定要记住，一个答案之所以正确，就是因为它和原文信息形成了含义或语义成分的一一对应。single-sex school定位在文章第三段。C选项的encourage对应原文的helped develop，选项中的express their emotions对应原文中的emotional expressiveness，选项中的more freely对应原文中的more likely。一一对应，所以正确。 以上即是标准化的做题步骤，简单总结，读题干，定位，比较。 接下来，同学最大的疑问，不认识单词怎么办?
二 不认识单词的两个正确的思考方向： 1. 比较原文和选项部分成分的对应。
我们讲过，正确答案和原文一一对应。所以即使同学不认识单词，没关系。只要认识一个两个重要单词也就足够做题了。
比如上文举的例子。即使同学原文中的信息大多不认识，但如果能发现选项的encourage对应原文的helped develop，选项中的express their emotions对应原文中的emotional expressiveness，即使只找到这么两处的语言对应，那么就找到了正确答案。 2. 通过段落或文章主题做题。
因为文章是想通的，句子和句子之间是有支撑与被支撑关系的。所以，如果同学做题原文一句话读不懂，可以看看这句话是不是被其他句子支撑，或者这句话是不是在支撑一个主题句?找到支撑或者被支撑的句子，同样可以理解到相同的内容。这就是我们经常说的，通过细节可以做题，通过细节支撑的主题也可以做题。 再以上文举的例子来看：
这道题目通过第三段的细节做题完全没有问题。但是第三度读不懂怎么办?同学看第一段。第一段就是文章的主题句，是第三段这个细节内容所支撑的主题。文章第一句，Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music.几乎也与C选项C) encourage boys to express their emotions more freely一一对应。找到第三段细节可以做题，找到细节支撑的主题同样可以做题。
接下来，同学会问，如何去找文章或段落的主题句? 文章或段落主题句子的标志：
1. 举例子的句子不是主题句，注意前后句 2. 问句不是主题句，注意问后句
3. 承上启下的后半句是主题句 4. 首段转折提示文章主题 5. 包含主题词的句子重点阅读
6. 包含主次之分的表达(not A, but B. A rather than B等) 7. 时间提示主题(recently, today等)
8. 定义型的句子(be called as, be known as, is, are等) 9. 强调型的句子(stress, focus, only等)
10. 总结型的句子(research indicates, study suggests等) 同学可能还会问，我怎么知道哪道题可能会和主题有关? 可能和主题有关的题目: 1. 主旨题。
2. 作者对文章主题词的观点或看法 3. 不对应文章细节信息的题目(或选项) 4. 全文第一题 5. 例证型题目 6. 推断题
7. 包含文章主题词的题目
以上介绍的是，不认识单词，两种替代的解决方式。虽然不能一定解题，但这是两个正确的思考方向。
三 蒙选项或排除选项的一些原则。（下策） 1. 选择抽象概括的选项。
阅读的正确答案，无论何种题型，一般都会表达抽象或概括。只可能原文很具体，选项把信息抽象概括化。绝对不会原文很抽象，选项把信息具体细节化。所以同学如果原文读不懂，那选项也尽量选择读不懂的选项。
2. 选择包含文章主题词或段落核心词的选项。
我们讲过，考官喜欢在文章重要的信息处出题。所以很多题目都和文章或段落的主题有关，很多正确选项自然不可避免的包含文章主题词或段落核心词。所以同学如果最后选择实在没有方向，看题目对应的段落的核心词或文章主题词，如果能找到，就选择包含这些词的选项。
文章主题词：题干中反复出现的名词;各段段首反复出现的名词。 段落核心词：该段中反复出现的名词;该段主题句中的核心名词。 3. 排除原词重现的选项。
四级阅读的正确答案，一定是原文的改写。也许是词义替换，也许是含义的对应，绝对不会所有的内容都原词重现的来自于原文。所以同学做题看到选项中所有内容都是原词重现的，可以排除。
4. 排除对应文章细节具体信息的选项。
考官的出题思路，选择文章重要的一句信息改写成正确选项;选择原文不重要的细节，具体信息，例子中的信息改写成错误选项。所以如果同学实在不能理解原文和选项，将那些对应文章细节具体信息的选项排除，也可以提高选择的正确率。 还以2011年12月的文章为例：
Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with \"boy-focused\" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given \"hands-on\" lessons where they are allowed to walk around. \"Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine (女性的) and prefer the modem genre (类型) in which violence and sexism are major themes, \"James wrote.
Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be \"masterful and in charge\" in relationships. \"In mixed schools boys feel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means, \" the study reported.
61. Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James' report? A) They enjoy being in charge. C) They have sharper vision. B) They conform to stereotypes. D) They are violent and sexist.
这道题的难度，ABCD四个选项原文都有提及。但简单分析，同学可以看出ABD都是原文的原词重现，实在很不符合正确选项的标志。C选项，sharper vision，这是原文more acute vision的同义改写。同义替换提示正确答案。C正确。另外，同学从原文内容比较也易得出，ABD对应的句子在文章中都是细节，举例，C对应原文Because提示的因果逻辑关系中的信息。因为C对应重要信息，所以即使读不懂，也尽量选择这个选项。
好了我们回到最先读的文章来，同学用上面的答题步骤来完成下面的题目：
57.How did the author look back on his summer days while at college ?
A )They brought him nothing but torture. B )They were no holiday for him at all.
C) They were a relief from his hard work at school. D) They offered him a chance to know more people.
58. What does the author say about college students?
A )They expect too much from the real world. B) They have little interest in blue-collar life. C) They think too highly of themselves. D) They are confident of their future.
59. What, according to the author, is most frustrating for blue-collar workers? A )They do not get decent pay. C) They have to work 12-hour shifts. B )They do not have job security. D) They have to move from place to place.
60. In what important way has the author's work experience changed him?
A )He learned to be more practical. B)He acquired a sense of urgency.
C) He came to respect blue-collar workers. D) He came to appreciate his college education 61. Why does the author feel somewhat guilty? A ) He realizes there is a great divide between his life and that of blue-collar workers.
B ) He looks down upon the mechanical work at the assembly line.
C ) He has not done much to help his co-workers at the factory.
D ) He has stayed at school just for the purpose of escaping from the real world.
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