单 元 检 测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The belief that new technologies are causing the death of work is the idea that never goes away. Despite evidence to the contrary, we still view technological change today as being more rapid and dramatic in its consequences for work than ever before. But this is nothing new. People have always viewed the technological changes that take place during their lives the most dramatic and dangerous that ever happened in history.
In the 1930s, the British economist（经济学家）John Maynard Keynes predicted the widespread use of electricity would produce a world where people spend most of their time doing nothing. In the United States during the 1960s, the government repeatedly investigates fears that automatic machines would permanently reduce the amount of work available. In 1988, one Australian historian claimed that at least a quarter of the workforce would be without jobs within 10 years because of computers.
Of course, none of these disasters came to pass in the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia, or anywhere else.
Yet today, we are seeing the return of these predictions, with some experts claiming the world of work once more undergoing radical and unprecedented change. They argue that
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robots and other workplace technologies are causing a reduction in the total amount of work available, or are bringing a more rapid pace substitution of machines for humans has been seen previously.
But there is a little evidence to support such beliefs. Statistics show that the percentage of people in work, the number of hours they work, and how frequently they change jobs have remained remarkably constant over the past 20 years.
This stability should not come as a surprise. There are good reasons why we should not expect new technologies to cause the death of work. New technologies always cause job losses, but that is only part of the story. What also needs to be understood is how they increase the amount of work available.
One way this happens is through the increases in incomes that accompany the use of new technologies. With the introduction of these technologies, good and services can be produced faster, which results in higher real incomes for workers. Higher incomes then increase demand for other products and consequently more workers are needed to make them. Additionally, while new technologies are likely to substitute for some types of workers, they will also increase demand for other types of workers, especially those with higher level skills and expertise.
So, the end of work is no closer today than at any time in the past. But there is still a need to keep disproving the prediction, to reduce people’s fears.
1. What is the function of the second paragraph?
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A. To explain the importance of developing new technology.
B. To give historical examples of unnecessary fear about new technology.
C. To argue that technological dangers are becoming more serious.
D. To show how technology affected employment in the past.
2. How can employment statistics over the past 20 years best be described?
A. Confusing B. Reliable
C. Stable D. Variable
3. According to paragraph 7, why does demand for products often increase after new technology is introduced?
A. Productivity improvements help raise workers’ salaries.
B. There is more demand for new skills in the economy.
C. There are more goods for people to choose from.
D. Higher quality goods at lower prices encourage consumption.
4. What is the author's opinion about the introduction of new technology?
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A. It does not have an effect on most people’s jobs.
B. Its danger to people’s employment possibilities is overstated.
C. It usually leads to a significant increase in employment.
D. Its benefits are usually not worth the introduction.
B
People aren’t walking any more-if they can figure out a way to avoid it.
I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I wasn’t in any hurry, either. I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness: motorosis.
It is an illness to which T had thought myself immune(免疫的), for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as a good day’s walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill. It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship. And the effect was lasting. When I was 45 years old I raced—and beat-a teenage football player the 168 steps up the Statue of Liberty.
Such enterprises today are regarded by many middle-aged persons as bad for the heart. But a well-known British physician, Sir Adolphe Abrahams, pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise. A person who avoids exercise is more likely to have illness than one who exercises regularly. And walking is an ideal form of exercise-the most familiar
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and natural of all.
It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flowers, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world. He cannot learn in a car.
The car is convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people don’t dare to approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is a steel river thundering on a concrete (混凝土) road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic to turn green.
I say that the green of forests is the mind’s best light. And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.
5. What is the national sickness?
A. Walking too much.
B. Traveling too much.
C. Driving cars too much.
D. Climbing stairs too much.
6. What was life like when the author was young?
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A. People usually went around on foot.
B. People often walked 25 miles a day.
C. People used to climb the Statue of Liberty.
D. People considered a ten-hour walk as a hardship.
7. The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that .
A. middle-aged people like getting back to nature
B. walking in nature helps enrich one’s mind
C. people need regular exercise to keep fit
D. going on foot prevents heart disease
8. What is compared to “a steel river” in Paragraph 6?
A. A queue of cars.
B. A ray of traffic light.
C. A flash of lightning.
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D. A stream of people.
Ⅱ.完形填空
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
George Springer helped his team Houston Astros win the World Series in 2017. He was awarded the Most Valuable Player, 1 his struggle is mostly hidden. His 2 is not trying to hit a fastball, but in
3 it. He stutters（口吃）.
Growing up in Connecticut, Springer was the kid who would 4 raise his hand in school, the kid
5 every time he opened his mouth.
“I was the guy who didn’t talk,” he said “I would 6 speaking at all costs.
He was often 7 . Sometimes he was bullied（欺侮）. The phone was suffering to him. 8 were worse. If he wanted a dish that he knew would be tough to say, he would 9 . If he was with his family, his sister Nicole would 10 for him.
He remembers a couple of attempts at speech therapy（语言治疗）, but he said he was 11 with encouraging parents, an ability to 12 himself in sports, and a small group
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of friends who 13 .
“If therapy works for you, 14 . But for me, I also developed my own 15 to handle it,” he said. “Besides, when I was around all my friends, it didn’t really seem to 16 them. If I did it, they would 17
until I was done, then finish the conversation.”
To help other kids 18 the same issue, Springer frequently appeared in interviews and even agreed to wear a microphone 19 during the 2017 All-Star Game. He then added “I can’t let anything in life I can’t
20 slow me down or stop me from being who I want to be.” These 22 words proved it.
1. A. so B. yet C. and D. since
2. A. strength B. fault C. goal D. difficulty
3. A. taking about B. dealing with C. thinking about D. playing with
4. A. even B. sometimes C. often D. never
5. A. in delight B. in fear C. in relief D. in trouble
6. A. forbid B. prefer C. regret
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D. avoid
7. A. deserted B. scared C. teased D. attacked
8. A. Classes B. Restaurants C. Foods D. Debates
9. A. gesture 10. A. take 11. A. blessed 12. A. refresh 13. A. cared 14. A. interesting 15. A. ways 16. A. amaze 17. A. laugh 18. A. raising 19. A. on field B. weep C. signal B. pay C. order B. getting along C. provided B. relax C. enjoy B. forgave C. understood B. great C. unique B. interest C. habits B. hurt C. aid B. press C. wait B. facing C. confusing B. in school C. at home 9
D. beg
D. cook
D. fed up
D. express
D. approved
D. strange
D. taste
D. bother
D. panic
D. settling
D. on stage
20. A. grasp B. possess C. control D. defend
Ⅲ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tom is a boy with physical 1 （disable）and he can’t walk as 2 normal boy. In order to offer him more convenience, his mother bought him a robot 3 name is Jimmy yesterday. Jimmy accompanies Tom every day after his parents leave for work, 4 （take）care of him. Tom suffers from a rare disease. He can’t stand up. Instead, he has to sit on an armchair all the day. Jimmy shows sympathy to Tom and 5 (try) his best to make him happy. Some days ago, he took Tom to the park. He tried to protect him from 6 (harm). He gave Tom encouragement to have a try to walk. So Tom 7 . But to Jimmy’s disappointment, Tom fell on the ground, causing some other boys nearby to make fun 8 him. “Don’t laugh at the disabled!” Jimmy turned around, warning those boys. They felt sorry and ran away immediately. The next day, Jimmy took Tom to the park once again. This time, Tom was 9 (adapt) to the circumstance and didn’t feel clumsy any longer. He gets back his own confidence 10 he is still a disabled boy.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
假如你是李华。来自澳大利亚的交换生Kenton首次离家来中国读书，因生活上和语言交流上有困难，他萌生了回家的念头。不知如何是好的他在某网站上发帖求助，请你据此给他回帖。
注意：1.词数100左右；
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2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Kenton,
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
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参考答案
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】经常出现新技术对将来人们工作和生活不良影响的预测，但事实证明结果并不是那样，我们有必要不断否定预测，以减少人们的恐惧。
1. B【解析】推理判断题。第二段主要举了几个发生在过去的预测，预测人们在新科技下会失去工作，会无 所事事。通过下文内容可知这些并没有发生，这几个只是对新科技不必要恐惧的例子，故选B.
2. C【解析】细节推理題。根据第五段 Statistics show that the percentage of people in work, the number of hours they work, and how frequently they change jobs have remained remarkably constant over the past 20 years.可知数据表明在过去的20年里，工作人员的比例、工作时间的长短以及换工作的频率一直保持着惊人的稳定。即数据表明就业是稳定的，故选C.
3. A【解析】细节推理题。根据第七段With the introduction of these technologies, good and services can be produced faster, which results in higher real incomes for workers. Higher incomes then increase demand for other products and consequently more workers are needed to make them.可知新技术引进后提高了工人工 资，高收入会增加对其他产品的需求。故选A.
4. B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段none of these disasters came to pass in the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia, or anywhere else.第六段New technologies always
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cause job losses, but that is only part of the story.和最后一段But there is still a need to keep disproving the prediction, to reduce people’s fears.可 知人们预测的新技术的严重后果并没有发生，新技术导致的失业只是一部分，人们夸大了其对失业的 影响，有必要不断否定预测，以减少人们的恐惧。故选B.
B
【语篇解读】这篇文章主要讲了随着现代化的发展，多数人摈弃了最初的步行出行，不管路途的远近，都开车出行。事实上，步行不仅有益于身体健康，还帮助充实心灵。
5. C【解析】推理判断题。由第二自然段 I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I wasn't in any hurry, either.可知作者去邮寄一个包裏，只需要走281步，作者却不愿意走路，而是开车去，由此推断国民的通病是幵车太多，选C。
6. A【解析】推理判断题。由第三自然段for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as a good day’s walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill.可推断出在作者年轻时，人们通常采用步行的方式从一个地方到另一个地方，
选A。
7. B【解析】推理判断题。由第五自然段The man walking can learn the trees, flowers, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world. He cannot learn in a car.可知Henry Thoreau认为人们在走路的过程中了解了树、花、昆虫、鸟和动物，季节的意义，而在 车里无法感受这些。所以作者提到Henry Thoreau是为了证明走路实际上帮助充实心灵，选B。
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8. A【解析】词义猜测题。找到“a steel river”所在的句子，To them security is a steel river thundering on a concrete
(混凝土) road.这句话的意思是对于他们来说，安全就是在混凝土的路
上，一排排的汽车在咆哮，故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
【语篇解读】本文是一篇人物故事。文章介绍了George Springer是美国著名的棒球运动员，然而他从小口吃。然而在父母的鼓励之下，他成为美国最著名的棒球运动员之一。
1. B 考查副词辨析。A. so所以；B. yet然而；C. and和；D. since自从。根据上下文可知，
折。句意：然而，他的努力大多数是被隐藏的。故选B。
这里表示转
2. D 考查名词辨析。A. strength力气；B. fault过错；C. goal目标；D. difficulty困难。根
stutters(口吃).可知，他的困难是交谈。句意：他的困难不是试图击中一个快球。
据后面的He 故选D。
3. A 考查动词短语辨析。A. talking about谈论；B. dealing with处理；C. thinking about
with和……一起玩。根据He stutters(口吃)和下文的内容可知，他的困难是跟
在于（与别人）交谈。故选A。
思考；D. playing 别人交谈。句意：而
4. B 考查副词辨析。A. even甚至； B. sometimes有时；C. often常常；D. never从不。
知，他从不举手，因为他害怕说话。句意：Springer 是一个在学校从不举手的孩
根据上下文可推 子。故选D。
5. D 考查介词短语辨析。A. in delight高兴地；B. in fear害怕；C. in relief欣慰；D. in trouble
根据上下文可知，他害怕开口。句意：孩子每次开口就害怕。故选B。
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在困难中。
6.D 考查动词辨析。A. forbid禁止；B. prefer喜欢；C. regret遗憾；D. avoid避免。根据上下文可知，他避免说话。句意：不惜任何代价，他避免说话。故选D。
7.C 考查动词辨析°A. deserted遺弃;B. scared害怕；C. teased职笑;D. attacked攻击。根据后句Sometimes he was bullied（欺负）.可知，他经常被取笑。句意：他常常被职笑。故选C。
8. B 考查名词辨析。A. Classes班级；B. Restaurants餐馆；C. Foods食物；D. Debates
If he wanted a dish that he knew would be tough to say可知，指在餐馆里。
故选B。
辩论。根据后句
句意：在餐馆里就更糟了。
9. A 考查名词辨析。A. gesture手势；B. weep哭泣；C. signal信号；D. beg乞讨。根据前
a dish that he knew would be tough to say可推知，他应该是用手势。句意：
又很难说，他用手势。故选A。
句If he wanted
如果他想要他知道的菜
10. C 考查动词辨析。A. take带走；B. pay付钱；C. order命令；订；D. cook做饭。根据前句If he was with
his family可知，他的姐姐Nicole会为他点餐。故选C。
11. A 考查动词辨析。A. blessed保佑；B. getting along进展；C. provided提供；D. fed up养肥。短语be blessed 选A。
with在…方面有福气，幸运地享有。句意：但是他说他有父母的鼓励。故
12. D 考查动词辨析。A. refresh提醒；B. relax放松；C. enjoy喜欢；D. express表达。根据前句but he said 选D。
he was ______ with encouraging parents,可知，他能够在运动中表达自己。故
13. C 考查动词辨析。A. cared关心；B. forgave原谅；C. understood理解；D. approved同意。
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根据上下 文可知，他有一群理解自己的朋友。故选C。
14. B 考查形容词辨析。A. interesting有趣的；B. great伟大的；C. unique独特的；D. strange陌生的。根
据后句But for me, I also developed my own ______ to handle it可以推测出答案。
对你有效，太棒了。故选B。
句意：如果治疗
15. A 考查名词辨析。A. ways方法；B. interest兴趣；C. habits习惯；D. taste尝。短语way to do做某事
的方法。句意：我也养成了我自己的方法对付它。故选A。
16. D 考查动词辨析。A. amaze惊讶；B. hurt伤害；C. aid帮助；D. bother打扰。根据后句If I did it, they
would ______ until I was done, then finish the conversation.可知，这里指打扰朋
真的没有打扰他们。故选D。
友。句意：看起来
17. C 考查名词辨析。A. laugh笑；B. press压；C. wait等待；D. panic惊慌。根据后句then finish the
conversation.可知，朋友在等他。句意：他们会等我说完。故选C。
18. B 考查名词辨析oA. raising提高；B. facing面对；C. confusing困惑；D. settling解决。根据后句Springer frequently appeared in interviews and even agreed to wear a microphone____during the 2017 All-Star Game.可知，Springer帮助其他的面临同样问题的孩子。句意：为了帮助其他的面临同样问题的孩子。故选B。
19. A 考查介词短语辨析。A. on field在运动场；B. in school在学校；C. at home在家；D. on stage在台
上。根据上下文可知，这里指在运动场戴麦克风。句意：Springer经常出现接受
运动场上戴麦克风。故选A。
采访并甚至同意在
20. C 考查动词辨析。A. grasp抓住；B. possess过程；C. control控制；D. defend防御。根据
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上下文可知， 来或阻止我
这里指不能控制生活中的任何事。句意：我不能让生活中任何不能控制的事使我慢下成为想成为的人。故选C。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。Tom是一个残疾男孩，他不能像正常人一样走路。妈妈给他买了一个机器人Jimmy作为陪伴。在Jimmy的陪伴下尽管他仍然是一个残疾人，但是他恢复了自信。
1. disability 考查名词。介词with后加名词形式。故答案为disability。
2. a 考查冠词，normal boy是可数名词单数形式，前面用a泛指\"一个\"。故答案为a。
3. whose whose。
考查定语从句。定语从句，先行词robot代入从句中为\"机器人的名字\"，故答案为
4. taking 随状语。
考查分词作状语。本处take与句子主语Jimmy之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作伴
故答案为taking。
5. tries 在时态，
考查动词的时态。根据前半句的shows可知此处是并列的谓语动词，应该用一般现
故答案为tries。
6. being harmed 考查固定搭配。protect---from doing sth.保护---免遭---；再根据句子主语和harm之间是被动关系，所以这里用动名词一般式的被动式，故答案为being harmed。
7. did 考查替代和时态。他鼓励汤姆试着走路。汤姆确实这样做了。So+主语+助动词
表示与上文动作一致，用助动词do/does/did代替上文相同的动作。根据
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do/does/did，此处
Some days ago,可知句子用一般过去时态，故答案为did。
8. of 考查介词。make fun of是固定词组，意为\"嘲笑\"。故答案为of。
9. adaptable/adapted考查形容词。这一次，汤姆适应了这种情况，再也没有感到笨拙。此处用形容词作表语，故答案为 adaptable/adapted。
10. though 考查连词。分析句意为\"尽管他仍然残疾，但他重新获得了自信\"，可知应填though引导让步状语从句。
Ⅳ. 书面表达
Dear Kenton,
I am sorry to hear you have difficulty with life and communication abroad, but I am willing to help you out of the trouble.
To tell you the truth, it is natural that you are missing your parents and want to go home. But personally, I don’t think we can live with our parents all the life. Thus, it is a good chance for you to be more independent. You can call your parents more often instead of giving up your study.
If you don’t mind, I would like to be your friend. We can chat online frequently, which will improve your Chinese a lot. Only by communicating with others can you overcome your difficulties.
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I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
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