翻译硕士英语
改错原文（来自BBC）
For authors of self-help guides, no human problem is too great or too small. Want to become fitter, richer or happier in 2015? There are books for it – shelves upon shelves of them. Hoping for increased efficiency, decisiveness and creativity in the months ahead? There are titles for that too.
As we knuckle down to our New Year’s resolutions, we’ll turn in droves to self-help books, hoping to find our own best selves in their pages. But a book needn’t hector or lecture to leave its imprint. The truth is that all good literature changes us, and a growing body of research suggests you might do better browsing through fiction for support in battling life’s challenges. Think of it less as self-help than ‘shelf help’.
Reading has been proven to sharpen analytical thinking, enabling us to better discern patterns – a handy tool when it comes to the often baffling behaviour of ourselves and others. But fiction in particular can make you more socially able and empathetic. Last year, the Journal of Applied Social Psychology published a paper showing how reading Harry Potter made young people in the UK and Italy more positively disposed towards stigmatised minorities such as refugees. And in 2013, psychologists at the New School for Social Research found that literary fiction enhanced people’s ability to register and read others’ emotions.
We think of novels as places in which to lose ourselves, but when we emerge, we take with us inspiration from our favourite characters. A 2012 study by researchers at Ohio State University found that this process could actually change a reader’s behaviour. In one experiment, participants strongly identifying with a fictional character who overcame obstacles to vote proved significantly more likely to vote in a real election.
阅读题原文
Before Laszlo Polgár conceived his children, before he even met his wife, he knew he was going to raise geniuses. He’d started to write a book about it. He saw it moves ahead.
By their first meeting, a dinner and walk around Budapest in 1965, Laszlo told Klara, his future bride, how his kids’ education would go. He had studied the lives of geniuses and divined a pattern: an adult singularly focused on the child’s success. He’d raise the kids outside school, with intense devotion to a subject, though he wasn’t sure what. \"Every healthy child,\" as he liked to say, \"is a potential genius.\" Genetics and talent would be no obstacle. And he’d do it with great love.
Fifty years later in a leafy suburb of St. Louis, I met one of Laszlo’s daughters, Susan Polgár, the first woman ever to earn the title of chess grandmaster. For several years, Susan had led the chess team of Webster University — a small residential college with a large international and online footprint — to consecutive national titles. Their spring break had just begun, and for the next few days, in a brick-and-glass former religious library turned chess hall, the team would drill for a four-team tournament in New York City to defend the title. The students, sporting blue-and-yellow windbreakers and polos, huddled around a checked board of white and black, a queen, rook, and pawn stacked in a row. They had started with the King’s Indian Defense, a well-mapped terrain. Now they were in the midgame. Polgár sat to the side, behind a laptop synced to the game, algorithms whirring. What should be the next move? she asked. \"Be active and concrete.\"
Jocular debate broke out, accents betraying origins: Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Colombia, Brazil, Cuba, Vietnam, Hungary. \"This is not human,\" one student said. \"It looks magical,\" said another. Computers have long since outclassed humans in chess; they’re vital in training, but their recommended moves can seem quixotic. \"No, it’s very human,\" Polgár assured them. The students, most of them grandmasters, grew quiet, searching the more than 100,000 positional situations they had ingrained over their lifetimes, exploring possible moves and the future problems they implied — moving down the decision tree. It’s the knot at the heart of chess: Each turn, you must move; when you move, a world of potential vanishes. \"Bishop G4?\"
\"Bishop G4,\" Polgár confirmed. \"That’s not a human move!\"
\"It’s a human move,\" she said. \"It’s actually very pretty.\" The arrangement is close to a strategy she used before, against her sister. \"I beat Judit on that.\"
The students murmured. This demanded respect. Susan Polgár may be the first woman ever to earn the grandmaster title, but her younger sister is the best female chess player of all time. There are three Polgár sisters, Zsuzsa (Susan), Zsofia (Sofia), and Judit: all chess prodigies, raised by Laszlo and Klara in Budapest during the Cold War. Rearing them in modest conditions, where a walk to the stationery store was a great event, the Polgárs homeschooled their girls, defying a skeptical and chauvinist Communist system. They lived chess, often practicing for eight hours a day. By the end of the 1980s, the family had become a phenomenon: wealthy, stars in Hungary and, when they visited the United States, headline news.
The girls were not an experiment in any proper form. Laszlo knew that. There was no control. But soon enough, their story outgrew their lives. They became prime examples in a psychological debate that has existed for a century: Does success depend more on the accidents of genetics or the decisions of upbringing? Nature or nurture? In its most recent form, that debate has revolved around the position, advanced by K. Anders Ericsson, a psychologist at Florida State University, that intense practice is the most dominant variable in success. The Polgárs would seem to suggest: Yes.
You may have heard of Ericsson. His work was popularized by Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 best seller, Outliers, which spawned the notion of 10,000 hours of practice, in particular, as a mythical threshold to success. It’s a cultural fixture. Turn on the radio and you’ll hear a musician talking about \"getting his 10,000 hours\" in. This popularization also caused a
backlash — documented in David Epstein’s book The Sports Gene and elsewhere — of researchers arguing that genetics and other factors are as important as practice. It’s a value-laden struggle, with precious few facts. In a globalized world where returns concentrate to top performers, research showing the primacy of practice is a hopeful, democratic message. \"The scientific formulation of the American dream,\" as one psychologist told me. The Polgárs embody that hope. Is it a false hope?
\"Truth is not going to be simple-minded when it comes to greatness,\" says Scott Barry Kaufman, a University of Pennsylvania psychologist who has tried to rework the terms of the debate. It’s a nuance many don’t want to hear. Everyone remembers the names of scientists who take a hard line on the nature-nurture debate; in academia, the spoils and the press go to those on the extremes. The Polgár story, in particular, seems to yield a clear lesson. \"The world wants a simple story,\" Kaufman says, \"and a story that you can apply to your own life.\" Susan, for one, is happy to play the exemplar. If her life is evidence of anything, it’s that \"nurture is a lot more important than nature,\" she said in her office after practice. Magazine covers and prizes coated the walls, including a black-and-white photo of the sisters, in 1989, with George and Barbara Bush. She sees it with her students, she says. The best have both talent and fanatical practice habits. But if one student is lazier, talent can’t compensate — the one who practices more comes out ahead.
Susan has never been accused of laziness. From St. Louis, she oversees a small chess empire: books, websites, and, of course, her chess team. Talking to the press, which she’s dealt with for nearly her entire life, she speaks like a canny politician — cautious, mulling the implications of what she might say. Webster recruited Susan and some of her students from Texas Tech University, where she had won two consecutive national titles. The move to Webster was controversial. Both are part of a community of small universities that have discovered that, by offering scholarships to chess players, many of them from abroad, they can raise the institution’s academic prestige for relatively little expense. None of the colleges had poached a coach before, let alone students.
Equipped with celebrity and influence, Susan is an excellent recruiter. Many of her students are ranked higher than her; three have topped even Judit. Yet despite their great individual skill, the team members enjoy camaraderie. They visit the gym together. They’ve absorbed the Polgár way.
\"Life and chess, they are similar in some points,\" Andre Diamant, a Brazilian graduate student and the team’s longest-tenured player, said during a break from practice. \"Chess players know they need to study. They need to work. They need to improve. And they do that. In life, they have this same thing.\"
You’re probably nodding your head. Few would dismiss the value of hard work. But if there’s a snag to the Polgár method of success, it might arise from a simple question: Susan and her sisters had similar childhoods. So why was Judit so much better? 作文
If you were to choose a compulsory course to the students of university in China, what course you will choose? Why ?
翻译硕士英语翻译基础
短语翻译（十个英译汉十个汉译英，三个句子）
CPU, OPEC, UNESCO, IMF, YOG Euromart, Guinness book of records, world intellectual property organization, Celeblog, I-steel
海选，对口支援，可持续发展，绿色食品，国家资产安全， 战略伙伴关系，打假，真人秀，货到付款，
短语基本是往年的词汇，比较简单，注意往年的真题就行了，句子三个不难，我也记不清了
英译汉
Ever since 1973,the energy policy pendulum has swung with depressing regularity from crisis to glut and back again . A steady resting point somewhere between has not been reached. That would be a point at which transient fluctuations in oil prices were not jarring, and at which U.S. policy would accept the reality of a permanent shift from $3-a-barrel oil to $30-a-barrel oil.
Now we are in the glut phase. Producers are being forced to drop prices sharply. And once again we hear that the energy crisis is over. It is not. Economic recovery alone would soak up much of the excess in the oil market . Another war or revolution in the Gulf —— which any prudent person must consider possible —— could send the oil-importing nations back into crisis.
In the United States, imports have dropped by half in the past couple of years. Domestic production is up, and consumption is down. The administration uses this improvement to buttress its case for dissolving the Energy Department . But the appearance of less vulnerability to supply interruptions is deceptive and dangerous.
Some important changes in U.S. energy use have occurred. The price of oil has been decontrolled, the strategic petroleum reserve is finally being filled ,industry is using energy much more efficiently and the gas guzzler is an endangered species. But the price of natural gas is still artificially low, consumers still have no reliable source of help for reducing energy use in their homes, mass transit compared with that of other advanced nations is terrible, and the lack of a substantial gasoline tax keep that unchanged.
Nevertheless, the Reagan administration argues that higher energy prices have led to energy conservation and that there is therefore no reason for further federal support of research and other conservation programs. But the real issue is how much of what would be economically beneficial is not happening, and will not happen, under current policies. Do most types of energy use---technologies for supply and distribution, consumer information, manufacturing processes and the rest —— reflect the reality of expensive energy or the history of cheap energy 10 ? The answer varies by sector. Large businesses with access to expertise and capital have adjusted well. Most other sectors have not . In residential and commercial buildings, which consume a quarter of all the energy used in America, only a tiny fraction of the economically desirable savings is being captured.
In short, a good beginning has been made, but it is only a beginning. To abandon conservation programs and dismantle research efforts now is to save small amounts of federal
dollars at a very large longer-range cost to the economy. And hopeful talk about the end of the energy crisis ignores the painful lessons of the past decade. 汉译英（温家宝在联合国教科文组织全民教育会议上的致词）
中国的先贤说过：“一年之计，莫如树谷；十年之计，莫如树木；终身之计，莫如树人。”我们确立了以政府为主的教育投入体制，主要从四个方面推进全民教育。一是把普及农村义务教育作为教育发展的重中之重。中国有2亿多中小学生，其中80％在农村。为此，中国政府在农村和贫困地区实施了基本普及九年义务教育、基本扫除青壮年文盲的“两基”攻坚计划。二是把扫除文盲作为反贫困的重要措施。采取多种形式，在农村和贫困地区开展扫盲工作，特别重视扫除青壮年、妇女和少数民族文盲。三是大力发展职业教育。着力提高劳动者的职业技能和就业能力、创业能力，使教育成为面向所有人的教育。四是加强教师队伍建设。尊师是中华民族的传统美德。中国近千万中小学教师，辛勤教书育人，为全民教育作出了重要贡献，赢得了全社会的尊重。在广大农村和贫困地区，主要由中央政府承担并保证教师工资发放。教育公平是全民教育的灵魂。没有教育机会的均等，就谈不上社会公平。中国人民有重视教育的优良传统，“有教无类”的教育平等思想源远流长。 百科
1.名词解释（50分）
微生物，寄生虫，衍生物，青蒿素，疟疾，中国社科院，一带一路，两廊一圈，亚里士多德，莎士比亚，斯塔多夫，威廉王子，神探夏洛克，东盟，小康社会，文化冲击 2.应用文
写倡议书，是关于关于保护环境，建设生态的（450字） 3.作文
关于性别歧视的，材料主要讲女生在学习数学这个科目上不如男生，犹如在做游戏似的，题目自拟，800字
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