discovery, cloud, mineral, metal, material, substance, population, effort, effect, animal, plant, mammal, insect, tree, herb, shrub, element, function, feature, picture, result, clue, star, reason, audience, device, structure, human , human being, system, fashion, kind, resource, source, origin, pioneer, automobile, purpose, style, response, number, amount, variety, quantity, type B. 常见的不可数名词 poem jewel a ~ of furniture, luggage, clothing, equipment, poetry, jewelry, machinery, weaponry, scenery, information, knowledge, homework, evidence (that), foliage, advertising, health C. 常见的不规则名词 be based on
*tooth, foot 一定错 a man teacher ; 2 men teachers man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, goose-geese, basis-bases, analysis-analyses, crisis-crises, axis-axes, hypothesis-hypotheses, alga-algae, lava-laver,
fungus-fungi, stimulus-stimuli, datum-data, medium-media, bacterium-bacteria, spectrum-spectra, mouse-mice, child-children = people , phenomenon-phenomena D常见的单复数同形的名词
aircraft, spacecraft 等 craft结尾的词 （an aircraft / ten aircraft） species, series, means(mean不加s不是名词) (a species / ten species ) sheep, deer, trout（鳟鱼）, carp（鲤鱼）, salmon, fish-（two fish / a fish）
1. 物质名词不可数 ：water, coal, rain, steel, sunlight = U nouns ( excessive rains: 过量的雨水；a heavy rain 一场大雨；the rains: 雨季)
2. 抽象名词不可数
evidence证据不可数，intelligence 不可数， advice 建议皆不可数 3. 学科不可数
mathematics, economics, statistics, physics, politics, mechanics, genetics, geology, geography, chemistry, philosophy, biology, history, ecology
4. 疾病不可数: measles, mumps(腮腺炎) , diabetes(糖尿病) 5. 总称不可数 machinery； weaponry； citizenry 鱼类一般单复同形
6. 单数复数意义有差异的名词 （可以不讲） sky-skies(气候) water-waters(水系，永远不错) good-goods(货物) part-parts(才能)
custom=customs(海关) spectacle(风景)-spectacles(眼镜) letter-letters(文人) arm-arms(武器) force-forces (武装力量) 7. 即可数又不可数的名词 不可数 可数 paper 纸 文件 rock 碎岩 块岩 brick 砖料， 砖块
Stone: 石料， 石头 sugar 砂糖 方糖
work 作品；工作 著作；工厂，工程，工事 room 空间 房间 time 时间 倍数，时代 * art：
art 泛指艺术 不可数 一种艺术 an art 各种各样的艺术 arts
eighteen pieces of paper 十八张纸 eighteen newspapers 十八种报纸 此类：强调种类就属于可数
二、名词作定语的单复数问题 a man teacher/ two men teachers (A)名词作主语，即noun.修饰noun.,前面的名词必须是单数 color effects, employment agencies, sentence forms, tree trunks （干） 例外：a sales girl, a sales tax a greetings card, a sports car
a savings bank, a communications satellite a systems engineering, surroundings, clothes (B)man或woman修饰noun.时，其单复数应该同时变 a woman boxer->women boxers, men teachers
(C)表示某一学科的教授、学生、教科书、实验室...时，只能用 学科名本身修饰
a mathematical professor 错 a mathematics professor a biological textbook 错 : a biology textbook the chemical lab 错 a chemistry lab the highest science award 错 a mathematical model 对
三、重要的限定词 : 用在名词前面 (A) many + 复数 men, people, books much + 不可数n time, water 看见many 去找复数名词 We have as many students as 26. You can take as many students as you like. as much as
50 percent of the money ~~~~~~不可数 ~~~~~不可数 many和much可为代词 many of..., much of..., ...by many
(B)some, any 后跟单/复数, 不可数/可数 均可 some object 某一物体 some objects 一些物体
some money 一些钱 some time 也可作代词：some of..., any of... (C)few/a few, little/a little
few students / a few students a little English, little water
~~~~~~~~+可数 ~~~~~~~~~~~+不可数 few+复数
(D)every/each + 单可 each major styles 错 each ten boys 对 every four years 对 (E)数词/several + 复数 five aircraft 对 several setting 错 (F)one of/among + 复数 * be considered (to be) +noun./adj. be regarded as be viewed as
(G)first/only/single + 单/复均可 the first school 第一所学校 the first schools 第一批学校 a single + 单可 = one a single student = one student no single + 复可
(H)hundred, thousand, million, billion
five hundred boys, hundreds of boys, hundred million boys thousands of students, millions of (I)another + 单可 another person
other + 复名(纯粹的other) other persons any other+ 单可
例外：other part .(part 永远对) (J) a number of + 复noun. + 复Verb the number of + 复noun. + 单verb
A number of students are interested in sports. The number of the students is 26. 限定词：
(1)Many, a number of, a large number of, a great many, few, a few, A great many people / students
(2) Much, a great deal of, a large amount of, large amounts of, time / money is / does
(3) A lot of, lots of, plenty of, large quantities of, ~ students are…; ~ time is needed
The amount of leisure time is increasing 。
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