一、高中英语阅读理解人物故事类 1．阅读理解
A photography exhibition by French artist San Bartolome entitled Moon Door Dreamers opened in the 798 Art Zone in Beijing on December 10, 2011, presenting a cross-cultural perspective (视角) on ordinary life in the capital city.
Bartolome took these photos in August 2008, and produced a video named Two Worlds, One Dream. These works were displayed in Pingyao, an ancient city in Shanxi Province, under the title Beijing Midsummer Night Dream in September 2010.
The moon doors serve as a keyhole through which one can catch a glimpse of a slice of Beijing life. He got his inspiration from one cycling trip to the southeastern suburb of Beijing, where he discovered a peculiar street along which a gray brick wall was built to cover the shabby bungalows. These cabins were mostly rented by migrant workers- peddlers, craftsmen, grocers and innkeepers.
Born in 1950, Bartolome has worked as a photographer, stage director. Artistic manager, writer and diplomat. A noted Sinophile, Bartolome frequently visits China for photographic subjects. In the fall of 2003, he joined the French Embassy in Beijing as a cultural attache. His work experience in China from 2003 to 2015 further enhanced his awareness of and love for China. Bartolome not only loves Chinese culture but also the Chinese people. He thinks that Chinese people are kind, welcoming and diverse.
Back from his bike ride to southeastern Beijing, he decided to shoot pictures about ordinary urban lifestyles. He observed dwellers carefully and made friends with them.
After about 30 days and nights that he spent with these common migrants, he created a number of portraits. Meanwhile, he learned more about those rural migrants who earn their living in a city with which they are unfamiliar.
He adopted an optimistic perspective to shoot the sights, and he borrowed the title of one of William Shakespeare s comedy works: A Midsummer Night's Dream. （1）What is the main purpose of the exhibition? A. To present Bartolome's photographic skills. B. To tell us Bartolome's work experience in Beijing.
C. To show us Bartolome's optimistic view on ordinary life in Beijing. D. To build a cross-cultural communication bridge between China and France. （2）What inspires Bartolome to shoot pictures about ordinary urban styles? A. His bike ride to Southeastern suburb of Beijing. B. His work experience in the French Embassy in Beijing. C. His visit to the ancient city of Pingyao.
D. Shakespeare's comedy work: A Midsummer Night's Dream.
（3）What does the underlined word \"Sinaphile\" in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. A successful artist. B. A cultural attache. C. A person of status. D. A fan of China. （4）What does the text mainly talk about? A. A French artist tells Chinese stories with his camera.
B. A French artist frequently visits China for photography. C. Migrant workers live a simple but happy life in Beijing. D. Moon Doors serve as a window to display China to the world. 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）D （4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，法国艺术家圣巴托洛姆在北京798艺术区举办的名为\"月亮之门梦想家\"的摄影展，从跨文化角度呈现了普通城市的生活以及拍摄的原因。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的\"presenting a cross-cultural perspective (视角) on ordinary life in the capital city.\"以及最后一段中的\"He adopted an optimistic perspective to shoot the sights,\"可知，这次摄影展用一种跨文化视角来展示首都的普通生活，他以乐观的角度拍摄的。由此推断出摄影展向我们展示巴托罗姆对北京城市生活的乐观态度。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的\"He got his inspiration from one cycling trip to the southeastern suburb of Beijing, ...\" 以及第六段中的\"Back from his bike ride to southeastern Beijing, he decided to shoot pictures about ordinary urban lifestyles\"可知他（拍摄）的灵感来自一次去北京东南郊的骑行之旅，...。回到北京之后，他决定拍摄一些关于普通城市生活方式的照片。可知，是他骑自行车去北京的东南郊区激发了他拍摄普通城市的生活 。故选A。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段划线词\"Sinaphile\"后的内容可知, 巴托罗姆为了这个摄影主题经常访问中国。2003年秋，他以文化专员的身份加入了法国驻北京大使馆。从2003年到2015年，他在中国的多年工作经历让他加深了对中国的认识和热爱。由此可知，他是一个热爱中国的人，喜欢了解中国，是一个\"中国迷\"。故选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。本文第一段叙述了法国艺术家圣巴托洛姆在北京798艺术区举办的名为\"月亮之门梦想家\"的摄影展开幕从一个跨文化视角来展示在首都的普通生活。接着叙述了为什么 拍摄中国普通城市的生活，用摄影机拍摄他在中国的经历来表现对中国的热爱。由此可知本文主要叙述了一个法国艺术家用他的相机讲述中国故事。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
In the nineteenth century, one of America's greatest writers, Walt Whitman, helped people learn to value poetry. Whitman created a new kind of poetry.
Walt Whitman was born in eighteen nineteen in New York City. During his long life, he watched America grow from a young nation to the strongest industrial power in the world. As a young man, Whitman worked as a school teacher, a printer and a newspaper reporter. He was thirty-six years old when he published his first book of poetry in eighteen fifty-five. He called it Leaves of Grass. It had only twelve poems. The poems are written in free verse. The lines do not follow any
set form. Some lines are short. Some are long. The words at the end of each line do not have a similar sound. They do not rhyme.
One of America's greatest thinkers and writers immediately recognized the importance of Leaves of Grass. Ralph Waldo Emerson praised Whitman's work. But most other poets and writers said nothing and even denounced it. Most readers also rejected Whitman's poems. The new form of his poetry surprised many people. Even his own brother told Whitman that he should stop writing poetry. But Whitman had many things to say. And he continued to say them. Readers began to understand that America had a great new poetic voice.
Walt Whitman's poems praise the United States and its democracy. The poet expressed his love for America and its people in many ways. Experts today praise Leaves of Grass as a major literary work. In eighteen seventy-three, Walt Whitman suffered a stroke. He spent the last years of his life in Camden, New Jersey. Whitman was poor and weak during the last years of his life. He died in eighteen ninety-two. Some critics say Walt Whitman was a spokesman for democracy. Others say he was not a spokesman for anything. Instead, they simply call him a great poet. （1）What can we know about Whitman? A. His poems have the same rhyme. B. He is the first great poet in the USA C. He helped people to create new poems. D. His poems show his love for his country.
（2）Why was Leaves of Grass refused at first? A. The poems are quite short. B. The form of poetry is special. C. Whitman wasn't famous then. D. There are only 12 poems in it.
（3）What does the underlined word \"denounced\" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Accused. B. Downloaded. C. Published. D. Translated. （4）What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Walt Whitman—a Great Soldier B. Walt Whitman—an Unfortunate Poet C. Walt Whitman and Leaves of Grass D. The First and Greatest Poet in America 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）A （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物介绍，介绍了美国著名的诗人 Walt Whitman以及他的代表作《草叶集》。
（1）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Walt Whitman's poems praise the United States and its democracy. The poet expressed his love for America and its people in many ways.” Walt Whitman的诗赞美美国及其民主。这位诗人以多种方式表达了他对美国及其人民的热爱。可知选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The new form of his poetry surprised many people. ”他的新诗形式使许多人感到惊讶，故选B。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“But most other poets and writers said nothing and even denounced it. ”可知，人们不接受Walt Whitman的诗集，可推知denounced可能是“指责，批评”之意，选A。
（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了美国著名作家Walt Whitman以及他的代表作《草叶集》，并围绕《草叶集》的开始不被接受到最后的大受欢迎展开，故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
On Wednesday, January 13th, I performed on stage for the first time. As someone who takes part in so many activities, it's extremely difficult to find the time to be a part of any production. For me, it was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to try acting through the Senior Play Project. Auditions (试镜)came first. They weren't particularly difficult, more to see who may be a better fit tor certain roles. We were told our roles in the various plays, and started to work immediately. I was unsure of how I was as an actor, and I had to learn a lot fast: actions, my place in the story, my reactions, and countless other small details... As I began to improve as an actor, I was able to understand my characters better.
My first character is a man named Roger who is a senior advisor to a presidential candidate in a play called \"The Spot.\" He's a short-tempered guy who says what he wants and takes what he wants to assist his candidate in today's tough political races. He's on the set of The Spot, an advertisement for the candidate, to make sure everything runs smoothly and that any problems are dealt with quickly and efficiently.
While I had really interesting characters, and the plays were funny and such a great experience to act in, I really love the Senior Play Project for the people. I worked with 12 other seniors who not only loved what they were doing, but offered help and advice throughout my entire learning process.
Between the lights, sounds, costume and makeup, and plenty more, theatre is a team sport just like basketball or baseball. There are no small parts; there is no one who isn't needed. I've learned to appreciate live theatre, and the effort that every person in the show, both onstage and offstage, puts into it.
（1）How did the author feel about being in the project?
A. Lucky. B. Tired. C. Nervous. D. Confident. （2）What do we know about the character Roger?
A. He means what he says. B. He puts up an advertisement. C. He gives advice to the candidate. D. He is running for president. （3）What does the author like most about the project?
A. The people. B. The plays. C. The characters. D. The costume. （4）What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The Senior Play Project. B. Acting for the First Time. C. What Makes a Good Actor. D. A Lesson Learnt through Acting. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）A （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了第一次登台表演的经历。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“As someone who takes part in so many activities, it's extremely difficult to find the time to be a part of any production. For me, it was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to try acting through the Senior Play Project. ”对作者来说，这是一个千载难逢的机会，来尝试表演，从而可以推断出，作者对于参加这个项目感到非常幸运。故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“My first character is a man named Roger who is a senior advisor to a presidential candidate in a play called ‘The Spot.’ He's a short-tempered guy who says what he wants and takes what he wants to assist his candidate in today's tough political races.”可知，罗杰在剧中是一位总统候选人的高级顾问，从而可以推断出，他给候选人提供建议。故选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“While I had really interesting characters, and the plays were funny and such a great experience to act in, I really love the Senior Play Project for the people. ”可知，作者最喜欢戏剧项目中的是人。故选A。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“On Wednesday, January 13th, I performed on stage for the first time.”及全文内容可知，文章主要叙述作者第一次登台表演的经历。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
The bus screamed to a stop in Nazareth, Israel. Five Australian backpackers boarded and struck up a conversation with me. They asked typical travelers' questions—where was I going and why was I traveling alone? My plan was to travel with a friend of a friend, I explained, but when I called her that morning, she didn't pick up and I had no other way to reach her. My stomach was in knots, but I decided to head out anyway, thinking I might run into her if I traveled to Tiberius, where we had planned to go together.
\"Why don't you travel with us?\" one of the backpackers offered. They were experienced adventurers who would work for a few months, save, then travel for as long as they could. Their current plan was to explore the Middle East and Europe in three months while working in London. It seemed risky to travel with strangers, but my instinct said yes. For the next two weeks, I explored Israel with the backpackers and learned to trust my instincts in all types of new and interesting situations. When they hook a ride, I took the bus, but when they wanted to steal into
the King David Hotel's swimming pool, I led the way. The world opened up to me because I chose to travel alone. I joined complete strangers, who become close friends. Years later, one couple from the backpacking group even flew from Sydney to Phoenix to be in my wedding. The trip was such a special experience that it gave me confidence in all areas of my life. Since then, I've backpacked alone across South Africa, sky-dived from 12,000 feet in New Zealand and even moved across the U.S. with no job lined up.
On my third day wandering in Israel with my new friends, I bumped into the woman I was supposed to meet. Though I was happy she was all right, I was grateful she hadn't picked up the phone.
（1）By \"My stomach was in knots\" (in paragraph 1), the author most likely means that she was ______.
A. sick of riding on a bumpy bus B. nervous of meeting strangers C. upset about the sudden change D. sorry about the impractical plan （2）Which of the following best describes the backpackers the author met? A. Courageous but disrespectful. B. Jobless and poorly educated. C. Warmhearted and trustworthy. D. Homeless but lighthearted. （3）The author's sixth sense told her that ______. A. she would get along with the backpackers B. it might cause trouble to have a swim C. she ought to stay away from the backpackers D. it could add excitement to get a free ride （4）What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Most of the backpackers became the author's lifelong friends. B. The author gathered the courage to be a fulltime backpack traveler. C. The woman missed the phone call with the purpose of traveling alone. D. The author considered it the best decision of her life to travel on her own. 【答案】 （1）C （2）C （3）A （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者原本与朋友约好去旅游，却被放了鸽子，她决定一个人去。途中她遇见了五个背包客，这些背包客邀请她一起去旅游，她和这些人一起经历了美好的几天，并和他们成了好朋友。
（1）考查句义猜测。根据第一段中的\"My plan was to travel with a friend of a friend, I explained, but when I called her that morning, she didn't pick up and I had no other way to reach her.\"可知作者被朋友放鸽子了，被放鸽子肯定是失望的，故选C。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的\"‘Why don't you travel with us?’ one of the backpackers offered\"可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游，说明他们很热心；根据\" They were experienced adventurers who would work for a few months, save, then travel for as long as they could\"可知这些背包客旅游经验很丰富，所以是值得信任的，综合选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的\"It seemed risky to travel with strangers, but my instinct
said yes.\"可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游时，她的本能也就是第六感说了\"好\"，也就是说她的第六感让她相信她能和这些背包客相处的很好，才会答应他们的邀请，故选A。 （4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的\"The world opened up to me because I chose to travel alone.\"可知作者觉得自己选择一个人旅游让自己看到了更大的世界，以及最后一段中的\"Though I was happy she was all right, I was grateful she hadn't picked up the phone.\"可知作者庆幸她的朋友没有接她的电话。由此可以判断作者认为自己选择一个人去旅行是一个很好的决定，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及句义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
Losing a wallet is one of those careless acts most of us have come across, at some point or the other in our lives. While most of us tend to move on after mourning over the lost necessities, there are a few lucky ones who get them back, with the help of the police or the generosity of the person who finds it.
And then there is Hunter Shamatt, who not only got back his wallet but with some added happiness that was tagged along!
Hunter was on his way to attend his sister's wedding on a Las Vegas-bound flight when he realized that he has misplaced his wallet, sometime during the journey. Hunter's family reached out to the Frontier flight to enquire if someone had handed it over to them. Unfortunately, there was no sign of the missing wallet.
But wait. The story was far from over. Just a week after Hunter's sister's wedding, he received a package in his mail. And guess what? There was his wallet! Surprisingly, the wallet was not the only thing that was inside the package. It also had a handwritten note for Hunter which turned out to be a bonus! The piece of paper read,
\"Hunter, Found this on a Frontier flight from Omaha to Denver — row 12, seat F wedged between the seat and wall. Thought you might want it back. All the best.
P.S. I rounded your cash up to an even $100, so you could celebrate getting your wallet back. HAVE FUN!!!\"
Moved by the touching gesture, Hunter's mom, Jeannie Shamatt, decided to write a post on Facebook giving a detailed description of the incident. She also urged everyone to share the post as she would like to meet and greet the person behind the act of kindness, personally.
Now, thanks to the astonishing power of social media, the post finally reached the man behind the note. The man was identified as Todd Brown and it was one of his co-workers who made sure Jeannie Shamatt's post reaches his colleague. Jeannie turned to Facebook again to thank Brown and his family for restoring her faith in humanity.
\"I try to teach my children to do the right things in life, help people when you can regardless of the outcome. This story is more about restoring faith in people than anything. We hear a lot of bad news but not enough good news. I personally want to thank Todd Brown and his wife for restoring faith that there are amazing people out there.\" （1）How did Hunter Shamatt get his wallet back?
A. Todd Brown sent it back. B. The police mailed it back.
C. He found the wallet by himself. D. The Frontier flight helped him get it back. （2）What things were found in the package?
A. A wallet and a tag. B. A wallet and a note. C. A note and a tag. D. A mail and a tag. （3）How did Hunter's mom feel after receiving the package?
A. Touched. B. Uninterested. C. Satisfied. D. Confused. （4）What does the author intend to convey?
A. Friendship. B. Freedom. C. Kindness. D. Justice. 【答案】 （1）A （2）B （3）A （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，叙述了Todd Brown捡到Hunter的钱包，将其寄还给Hunter的故事。体现了Todd Brown善良，拾金不昧的品质。
（1）考查细节理解。根据\"Just a week after Hunter's sister's wedding, he received a package in his mail. And guess what? There was his wallet! … It also had a handwritten note … \"Hunter, Found this on a Frontier flight from Omaha to Denver — row 12, seat F wedged between the seat and wall. Thought you might want it back. All the best. … Now, thanks to the astonishing power of social media, the post finally reached the man behind the note. The man was identified as Todd Brown\"可知，Todd Brown捡到了Hunter的钱包，然后将它通过邮递的方式寄还给了Hunter。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的\"And guess what? There was his wallet! Surprisingly, the wallet was not the only thing that was inside the package. It also had a handwritten note for Hunter\"可知，包裹里不仅有钱包而且有一张便条。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的\"Moved by the touching gesture, Hunter's mom, Jeannie Shamatt, decided to write a post on Facebook\"可知，Hunter母亲被Todd Brown拾金不昧的行为感动了。故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。通读全文可知，文章叙述了Todd Brown捡到Hunter的钱包，将其寄还给Hunter的故事。这个故事体现了Todd Brown善良，拾金不昧的品质。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
6．阅读理解
When returning to south-western Germany, where my parents live, it is compulsory for me to go on a hike to connect with nature and reconnect with myself. So, that is exactly what I did the first sunny Sunday back in the beautiful Black Forest. The Huzenbacher See is a tarn in the middle of the northern Black Forest with abundant nature surrounding it. Approaching it after a good hour walk, I saw fascinating blue dragonflies in quantity that attracted us by the way they flew around. They didn't stand still for a photo, as they landed on leaves for a split second. We were also surprised at the yellow water lilies that can be seen floating on its surface between June and
July.
Sitting down at one of the benches surrounding the lake for a picnic was satisfying in two ways. I was aware of the world's beauty that gave me the energy to continue up the mountain to reach the most amazing view looking over the lake. The other was to really fill myself up in order to continue the adventure adequately, full up on some snacks and refreshing water from the well. The hike up wasn't as hard as expected and a good path was provided with dirty rocks and slippery stones all under the shade of the tall trees. This took about an hour and a half until reaching the beautiful view of the lake and land below. Once we had taken in the astonishing views, the walk back down took another hour or so, making the hike a 3-to4-hour round trip, which was well worth it!
Simply being back in the Black Forest and having such pleasant hikes is definitely good for the soul and I highly recommend getting yourself outside, be it in the Black Forest or anywhere outdoors. Get your intake of vitamin D and, most importantly, take in the moments that nature has to offer.
（1）What does the underlined word \"tarn\" in paragraph Ⅰ refer to?
A. Tree. B. Tower. C. Lake D. Village. （2）How did the author feel when sitting on the bench?
A. Tired. B. Content. C. Surprised. D. Excited. （3）What did the author call on people to do?
A. Take vitamin D pills. B. Love and protect nature.
C. Save the soul and be yourself. D. Go outdoors and get close to nature.
（4）According to the author, being back in the Black Forest and having pleasant hikes does good to one's ________.
A. health B. spirit C. character D. experience 【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）D （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在美丽的黑森林里度过的第一个阳光明媚的星期天。作者在湖边的长椅上坐下来野餐，进行了一次3到4个小时的徒步往返旅程。作者因此号召人们多去户外，亲近自然。
（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“We were also surprised at the yellow water lilies that can be seen floating on its surface between June and July.”可知六月至七月间，黄黄的睡莲浮在水面上，我们也很惊讶。其中its指代The Huzenbacher See，故可知The Huzenbacher See是一个湖泊，故划线部分tarn意思为\"湖泊\"，故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Sitting down at one of the benches surrounding the lake for a picnic was satisfying in two ways.”可知作者在湖边的长椅上坐下来野餐有两方面的满足感，即作者坐在长椅上时感到满足，故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“I highly recommend getting yourself outside, be it in the Black Forest or anywhere outdoors.”可知作者强烈建议到户外去，无论是在黑森林还是任
何户外的地方，去亲近自然，故选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Simply being back in the Black Forest and having such pleasant hikes is definitely good for the soul”可知作者认为简单地回到黑森林，进行这样愉快的徒步旅行肯定对灵魂有好处，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。
7．请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Every person plans to run off to some tropical isle, but few do. Real life, family, work, and monetary limitations get in the way. Ian Fleming let none of these considerations stop him. After the war, Fleming set down his schedule. The first week of January saw him leave England and travel to Jamaica. The first week of March saw his return. He accepted his job at Kemsley newspapers without compromise—this portion of the year would be set aside for Jamaica or he would look elsewhere for employment.
For 6 years Fleming traveled each winter to Jamaica, lounging in paradise, romancing women, chasing the sunset, but it was not until he faced the pressure of a married woman who was pregnant with his child did Fleming start the writer's journey which would change his life and popular culture forever. As Fleming waited in Jamaica for Anne's divorce to become final, he wrote the first draft of a novel, Casino Royale.
Fleming's career as a writer deserves more examination than can be offered here, but suffice it to say, over the next 12 years, Ian Fleming transformed his elite existence, his arrogance, his style, and his acid wit into some of the greatest thrillers ever written. Fleming incurred the respect of authors as diverse as Raymond Chandler, Kingsley Amis, and Edith Sitwell. His fans included John, Jackie, and Bobby Kennedy, and his social circle included Prime Minister Anthony Eden, Evelyn Waugh, and Somerset Maugham.
Fleming filled out the 12 years of Bond with great adventure journalism. Even in stories which had little action or pay off, such as his short non-fiction book, The Diamond Smugglers, the \"Fleming-flair\" ensured exciting reading. He wrote the \"Atticus\" column for the Sunday Times, proving a wonderful conduit for inside intelligence information, and clever rebukes (指责). Regardless of book sales or family obligations, Fleming managed to live the life he wanted. As the years passed, his passion for golfing increased so he took more time with it. Fleming's long-term fascination with America grew, so he traveled there more often.
Ian Fleming's full life caught up with him through his heart. It may be that years of drinking and smoking took their toll, or that the butter-rich cooking Fleming loved was the culprit. Or maybe it was just genetics. Whatever the cause, Fleming's health declined in the late 1950s. This plus anxieties in the marriage increased Fleming's depression. With the success of Bond, the world came knocking at Fleming's door, and he had a harder time shutting those out that he did not want in his life.
Nonetheless, Fleming fought the loosing battle of his weakening heart by throwing more fuel on the fire. He continued to drink and smoke, making some excuses but not many. He wrote books he wanted to read, and traveled the world with style and authority. By this time, Fleming
had already earned his own fortune, created his own identity, and ruled his own literary empire. （1）According to the second paragraph, Fleming accepted the job offered by Kemsley newspaper ________.
A. and had to give up his yearly holiday plan to Jamaica B. because he was offered to work in Jamaica every winter C. so that he wouldn't have to look for employment elsewhere D. on condition that he took two months off to Jamaica every year （2）What led Fleming follow the path of writing?
A. His dream to be a writer. B. The pressure from a woman. C. His potential for literature. D. His state of health. （3）When he began writing, Fleming never expected that ________. A. he would change popular culture B. he could get over the pressure C. Anne would have a divorce D. Anne would keep his child （4）Fleming's thrillers reflected his ________.
A. sense for popular culture B. relationship with Anne C. own personalities D. life at Jamaica
（5）The fact that \"Fleming filled out the 12 years of Bond with great adventure journalism\" shows that ________.
A. Fleming took up journalism when he finished Bond's adventures B. Fleming put Bond through many thrilling adventures C. Fleming described Bond as an adventurous journalist
D. Fleming experienced Bond's adventures when he was a journalist （6）According to the passage, Fleming died of ________. A. an unidentified reason B. a disease of the heart C. an unknown family disease D. over drinking and smoking 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）A （4）C （5）B （6）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，讲述了Fleming是如何走向写作之路的、他的写作特点及他的影响等。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段\"After the war, Fleming set down his schedule. The first week of January saw him leave England and travel to Jamaica. The first week of March saw his return.He accepted his job at Kemsley newspapers without compromise—this portion of the year would be set aside for Jamaica or he would look elsewhere for employment.\"及第三段中的\"For 6 years Fleming traveled each winter to Jamaica, lounging in paradise, romancing women, chasing the sunset\"。可知，他接受了在肯斯利报业 的 工作也没有妥协——一年中的有两个月将到牙买加（度假），或者他会去其他地方找工作，故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的\"but it was not until he faced the pressure of a married woman who was pregnant with his child did Fleming start the writer's journey\"可知，Fleming走向写作之路来一类自一位怀孕的妇女的压力，故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的\" but it was not until he faced the pressure of a married woman who was pregnant with his child did Fleming start the writer's journey which would change his life and popular culture forever.\"中的末尾的定语从句中的时态would表明定语从句中的内容是发生在Fleming开始写作之后，而且他自己从未想过自己的会改变他的一生和流行文化。故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的\"Fleming's career as a writer deserves more examination than can be offered here, but suffice it to say, over the next 12 years, Ian Fleming transformed his elite existence, his arrogance, his style, and his acid wit into some of the greatest thrillers ever written.\" 弗莱明的写作生涯值得更多的审视，但在接下来的12年里，伊恩·弗莱明把他的精英生活、他的傲慢、他的风格和他尖刻的机智转变成了一些有史以来最伟大的惊悚小说。根据句中的\"elite existence, arrogance, style, and acid\"等词都是与个性特点有关，表明了Fleming在他的小说中融进了自己独特的个性特点，故选C。
（5）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的\"Fleming filled out the 12 years of Bond with great adventure journalism. Even in stories which had little action or pay off, such as his short non-fiction book, The Diamond Smugglers, the \"Fleming-flair\" ensured exciting reading.\"可知，Fleming 用adventure journalism（新闻式的历险故事）“充满”了关于Bond的故事。Bond是他所写的故事的主角，即Fleming在小说中让这个主角经历了各种各样的“历险”，由此可知，B项符合题意。原文中\"journalism\"并非与新闻界有关，只是用于描述Fleming的故事的特点，因此其他三项是对journalism的误解。故选B。
（6）考查推理判断。根据第七段中的\"Fleming's full life caught up with him through his hear\"和最后一段中的\"Nonetheless, Fleming fought the losing battle of his weakening heart by throwing more fuel on the fir\"都提到了heart一词，而最后一段中的\"losing battle of his weakening heart\"明确了Fleming无法战胜他的心脏病，并最终输掉了与心脏病的“战斗”。由此可知，Fleming是死于心脏病的，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
8．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Abraham Lincoln, a self-taught lawyer, was elected 16th president of the United States in November 1860, shortly before the outbreak of the Civil War. Lincoln proved to be a smart military strategist and a competent leader: His Emancipation Proclamation (解放宣言) paved the way for slavery's abolition, while his Gettysburg Address stands as one of the most famous speeches in American history. In April 1865, with the Union on the brink of victory, Abraham Lincoln was killed; his untimely death made him a hero to the cause of liberty, and he is widely regarded as one of the greatest presidents in U.S. history.
On January 20, 1981, Reagan took office. Only 69 days later he was shot by a would-be killer, but quickly recovered and returned to duty. His grace and wit during the dangerous incident caused his popularity to soar.
At the end of his two terms in office, Ronald Reagan viewed with satisfaction the achievements of his innovative program known as the Reagan Revolution, which aimed to motivate the American people and reduce their reliance upon Government. He felt he had fulfilled his campaign pledge of 1980 to restore \"the great, confident roar of American progress and growth and optimism.\"
When George W. Bush, at the age of 54, became the 43rd president of the United States, it was only the second time in American history that a president's son went on to the White House. John Quincy Adams, elected the sixth president in 1824, was the son of John Adams, the second president. While John Adams had brought up his son to be president. George Bush, the 41st president, insisted he was surprised when the eldest of his six children became interested in politics, became governor of Texas, and then went on to the white House.
Barack Obama served as the 44th President of the United States. His story is the American story—values from the heartland, a middle-class upbringing in a strong family, hard work and education as the means of getting ahead, and the belief that a life so blessed should be lived in
service to others.
With a father from Kenva and a mother from Kansas, President Obama was born in Hawaii on August 4, 1961. He was raised with help from his grandfather, who served in Patton's army, and his grandmother, who worked her way up from the secretarial pool to middle management at a bank.
（1）Of the four presidents, who is regarded as an excellent public speaker? A. Abraham Lincoln. B. Ronald Reagan. C. George W. Bush. D. Barack Obama. （2）When Donald Reagan left the White House, he felt that ________. A. he regretted having been elected President B. he still had much to do for the country C. he had kept his promise to the people D. he was becoming more popular with the people
（3）Which of the following presidents took office first?
A. George W Bush. B. John Adams. C. John Quincy Adams. D. George Bush. （4）Of the four presidents, who successfully realized his American Dream? A. Abraham Lincoln. B. Ronald Reagan. C. George W. Bush. D. Barack Obama. （5）Of the four presidents, who was not able to finish his term of service? A. Abraham Lincoln. B. Ronald Reagan. C. George W. Bush. D. Barack Obama. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）B （4）D （5）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四位美国总统的生平事迹。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一部分中的“His Emancipation Proclamation (解放宣言) paved the way for slavery's abolition, while his Gettysburg Address stands as one of the most famous speeches in American history.”可推断Abraham Lincoln的葛底斯堡演说是美国历史上最著名的演说之一，即可知Abraham Lincoln被认为是一位出色的演说家。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“He felt he had fulfilled his campaign pledge of 1980 to restore ‘the great, confident roar of American progress and growth and optimism.、’\"可知当Donald Reagan离开白宫时，他觉得自己已经实现了1980年的竞选承诺，故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“John Quincy Adams, elected the sixth president in 1824, was the son of John Adams, the second president.”可知1824年当选美国第六任总统的约翰·昆西·亚当斯是第二任总统约翰·亚当斯的儿子。可知John Adams为第二任总统，是下列四位
总统中最先上台的，故选B。
（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“His story is the American story—values from the heartland, a middle-class upbringing in a strong family, hard work and education as the means of getting ahead, and the belief that a life so blessed should be lived in service to others.”可知Barack Obama的故事就是美国的故事，他成功地践行了美国人的价值观，实现了他的美国梦。故选D。
（5）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“In April 1865, with the Union on the brink of victory, Abraham Lincoln was killed”可知1865年4月，当联邦处于胜利的边缘时，亚伯拉罕·林肯被杀了，因此没有完成他的任期。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
9．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 When Randy Heiss went hiking behind his Patagonia, Ariz. farm, the last thing he expected to find was a Christmas list from a little girl across the US-Mexico border. \"I found this balloon on my morning walk near Patagonia on Sunday. Attached to it was a piece of paper with the Christmas wishes from a little girl,\" Heiss wrote on his Facebook page.
When he brought the list home to his wife, who speaks fluent Spanish, they determined that the little girl had asked for Enchantimals toys, clothes, art supplies and various other gifts. That's when Heiss set out to make the little girl's Christmas dreams come true. Heiss said he had attempted to send Christmas letters to Santa Claus via balloon when he was a kid but never received a response.
Heiss sent a Facebook message on Wednesday to XENY, a radio station in Nogales, to see if it could help him track down the girl or her family. He later received a response from the station, which had determined the author of the letter was an 8-year-old girl named Dayami, and the station wanted to set up a meeting between the two on Thursday. \"It just changed my entire day,\" Heiss told the Washington Post. \"Instead of going back to my office in Bisbee, I went with my wife to Walmart.\"
The couple bought almost everything on Dayami's list. They also brought a few gifts for Dayami's little sister, Ximena. They told the children they were \" ayudantes de Santa,\" or Santa's helpers.
Heiss, 60, said the experience was very healing for him and his wife. Nine years ago, the couple's only son died. \"Being around children at Christmas time has been absent in our lives,\" Heiss said. We now have friends for life. For a day, that border fence with its concertina wire melted away.
（1）How did Dayami send out her Christmas wishes?
A. By calling Heiss. B. By attaching them to a balloon. C. By writing to a radio station. D. By sending a Facebook message. （2）When did Heiss know what the girl exactly wanted? A. After the help of his wife. B. When he found the balloon.
C. After their meeting in America. D. When he got a response from the radio station.
（3）What might make Heiss decide to fulfill the little girl's Christmas wishes? A. His son's will. B. The girls request for help.
C. His similar unsuccessful experience. D. His desire to make friends with the girl. （4）What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. The couple got out of the pain completely. B. The experience was a great relief to the couple. C. The couple would help more children from Mexico. D. There will be no border between countries one day. 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）C （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Randy Heiss在亚利桑那州巴塔哥尼亚徒步旅行时。在农场，他意外收到了来自美墨边境的一个小女孩的圣诞礼物清单。女孩通过气球来发送圣诞愿望。在妻子的帮助下，他们开始帮助女孩实现愿望。这次经历对这对九年前失去了唯一的儿子的夫妻也说也是很大的安慰。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I found this balloon on my morning walk near Patagonia on Sunday. Attached to it was a piece of paper with the Christmas wishes from a little girl.”以及下文可知小女孩就是Dayami，她是通过把愿望绑在气球上发送圣诞愿望的。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“When he brought the list home to his wife, who speaks fluent Spanish, they determined that the little girl had asked for Enchantimals toys, clothes, art supplies and various other gifts.”可知当他把单子带回家给能说一口流利西班牙语的妻子时，他们断定小女孩想要的是魔法师的玩具、衣服、美术用品和其他各种各样的礼物。即他是通过妻子的帮助知道女孩到底想要什么的。故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Heiss said he had attempted to send Christmas letters to Santa Claus via balloon when he was a kid but never received a response.”可知当他还是个孩子的时候，他曾试图通过气球给圣诞老人寄圣诞信，但从未收到任何回复。可知他有和女孩相似的但不成功的经历，因此他决定帮助女孩实现愿望。故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Heiss,60, said the experience was very healing for him and his wife.可知这段经历Heiss”对他和他的妻子来说是非常治愈的。因为他们九年前失去了唯一的儿子，因此这次经历对他们来说是一种很大的安慰。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
10．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
In recent years I have had two very good roles on television: Florence, the wisecracking maid on the series The Jeffersons, and Mary, the mother who holds things together on 227. But 17 years ago, in 1972 when I was just getting started in theater work, I thought I'd never make it as an actress. For that matter, I couldn't even hold my life together or afford a home of my own.
Back then I had about as much self-confidence as a chicken in a fox's nest. I was recovering from surgery and had been off work for six months from my job as a United Airlines reservations agent. I'd had some bit parts in local theater groups, but those came and went, not leading to anything bigger.
Worse, as a single mother with three youngsters, I had no place to live. My children were staying with their father while I recovered in an aunt's apartment. Lying in bed, staring hopelessly at the wall, I didn't know what to do or where to turn.
Then one Sunday morning I aimlessly turned on the television set, and there were actor Robert Young and his wife talking about their faith. I sat right up in bed. They said, \"When one door closes, a better one opens,\" Well, I wasn't going to just sit staring at the closed one. So I got up and trudged (跋涉) on. Even if my shoes wore out, I decided, my faith wouldn't.
Later, when I began filling small parts in television productions, that self-confidence showed. I'd always done my best to play the role as I thought the director wanted, but now I found myself freer to interpret it, I was more natural, more me.
（1）What do the underlined words \"hold my life together\" in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Enjoy my life. B. Support myself. C. Abandon my life. D. Fight against my life. （2）How did the author feel when she worked in the local theater?
A. Confident. B. Excited. C. Nervous. D. Disappointed. （3）What can we learn about the author from paragraph 3?
A. She lived in her own apartment. B. She had to stay with her father. C. She was confused about her future. D. She was looked after by her kids. （4）What is the author's purpose of writing this passage? A. To share her understanding of faith with us. B. To prove her success in the TV acting. C. To show thanks to her respected aunt. D. To tell how hard she brought up her children. 【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）C （4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己如何成为演员的经历。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“afford a home of my own”可知作者当时买不起属于自己的房子，说明她当时的生活很困难，故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Back then I had about as much self-confidence as a chicken in a fox's nest”可知作者那时候很自信。以及根据“I'd had some bit parts in local theater groups, but those came and went, not leading to anything bigger.”可知作者在当地的剧院工作时，她的这些工作没有给她带来更大的收获。作者很有自信，但是她在当地剧院的工作却没有带来什么，由此可以推断当时作者是失望的，故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Lying in bed, staring hopelessly at the wall, I didn't know what to do or where to turn.”作者躺在床上，绝望地盯着 墙壁，不知道要做什么，也
不知道要往哪里去。这说明作者当时对未来很迷茫，故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“They said, ‘When one door closes, a better one opens,’ Well, I wasn't going to just sit staring at the closed one. So I got up and trudged (跋涉) on. Even if my shoes wore out, I decided, my faith wouldn't. ”可知作者看到电视上的一对明星夫妇说，“当一扇门关闭时，一扇更好的门会打开，”作者就决定她不会只是坐着盯着那扇关上的门。所以她起身跋涉。即使她的鞋子磨损了，她的信仰也不会。作者通过这篇文章和读者分享了她对信仰的理解，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容