专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷138(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷138 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. 2.

SECTION AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.

(1)Climbing to the top of my nearest hill in San Francisco, my purpose is not to enjoy the view but to experience a bit of fresh air and nature. Some birds dwell in these urban islands of trees, bushes and soil. So few people are there, but they are happy, relaxed and friendly(unless insane and out to rob). I find the view of San Francisco Bay and the metropolis most disturbing, seeing in all directions the industrial activity and oil-fueled trade of questionable imported products. Massive port facilities dwarf the human scale of sustainable import/export. A very small number of sailboats for pleasure can’t quite offer a vision of renewable-energy travel and exchange. Passenger planes take off, military jets show off their ear-splitting capabilities, all against the backdrop of polluted air that is warming in general thanks to commercial activity and the mindless consumption by the individual. The hills are full of roads and energy-wasting houses. It’s not like this everywhere; the hills around Kyoto are pitch black at night, for they consist of forest, trails and small, outdoor temples. (2)Seven million people surround me in this metropolitan area. Those among them who really care whether Barry Bonds used steroids to hit baseballs, or what pregnant celebrity has checked into a drug rehabilitation facility, are not likely to be trying to live lightly on the planet. Normal citizens under the spell of mass media want to consume, and be given answers and easy fixes. They may get what they want tonight, and a-gain, and again, but it will come to an abrupt end, and will people pick up a shovel to plant food or pick up the gun to take others’ food? That depends on the area affected, the culture(urban U.S. or otherwise), and population size. (3)Why should I be disturbed by what I see now, when all is basically calm? Or feel uneasy as I stroll about in the safety of my comfortable home? Is not San Francisco and the surrounding area a great city, with many wonderful people and activities to appreciate? What about the noble struggles of valiant, compromised hard-working people, or the dysfunctional and disabled folk who are really kind? The social injustice that is still pervasive, in our boastful age of scientific and technological power, is outrageous and occupies many of the best hearts and minds in the world who live in our very midst. Much of what ails people, it is thought, is that they do not have enough cheap, affordable energy or material things that are supposed to both satisfy and uplift. More public funds for health care, through an end to costly, imperialist wars, would be the ticket to a healthy society, in the eyes of more and more. (4)Except, that selfless aspiration is becoming clouded with the uncertainty and fright growing around our awakening to climate change. In the buzzing Bay Area and every other large and small city, we are behaving as if there is no threat to the climate and thus our future

survival as a species. Just looking around at the unceasing traffic, it is clear that basic, radical but easy solutions are being kept on the shelf or buried. Tiny changes, usually just initiatives that don’t threaten the current life style(e.g., different engines), are called “green”. Green this and green that. But the big “greening” will be the rediscovery of community and working with others as if our survival depends on our collaboration as equals. Our bosses and political leaders have been as useful in the needed transition as—to borrow an expression from my late father—tits on a bull.

1． What do the “few people” do on top of the hill? A．They are the rich residents of the city. B．They are there to enjoy the natural beauty.

C．They are attracted by the view of San Francisco Bay. D．They attack the tourists and rob them.

正确答案：B

解析：根据第1段第3句的happy，relaxed and friendly及第1、2句的内容可以推断这few people和作者一样上山是为了呼吸新鲜空气和亲近自然的，由此看来，B与原文内容最接近，选B。 知识模块：阅读

2． What does the author feel about the hills around Kyoto? A．They are worth appreciating. B．They are not well-lit at night.

C．They provide us with the best living environment. D．They have scenes different from all the other hills.

正确答案：A

解析：作者在第1段倒数第2句批评三藩市附近的山路多，房子也多，风景不好；末句以Kyoto为例说明别处的山并非如此。由此可见，作者对京都的山抱着正面、赞赏的态度，故本题应选A。第1段末句的pitchblack at night旨在说明京都的山自然风貌保持良好，将其理解为照明不够是断章取义，B不能选；作者显然反对破坏自然环境在山上修建房屋，而且作者本段没有讨论the best living environment，他只是通过描述山上看到的景色强调应注重可持续发展，故C不正确：虽然本段末句有提到京都的山与三藩市的山不一样，但两者风景的不同并不是焦点，作者的焦点仍然是可持续发展，D太肤浅，不能选。 知识模块：阅读

3． According to the author, the people who care whether Barry Bonds used steroids to hit baseballs are likely to ______.

A．look at others with a critical eye B．live a comparatively lavish life C．value environmental protection D．disregard their health conditions

正确答案：B 解析：根据题干的Barry Bonds定位到第2段第2句。本题实际上考查对live lightly的理解，lightly应理解为“节约地”，作者认为这些人不会live lightly on the planet，也就是他们不会节约地生活，由此可见，本题应选B。 知识模块：阅读

(1)Growing up as an Asian in Britain is much more than a question of facing discrimination and trying to find a decent job—especially for a girl. She has to keep a delicate balance between two cultures: her own(Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, etc.)and the British. (2)Seetha Crishna has written a booklet called Girls of Asian Origin in Britain. In it the girls she is most concerned with are those who are definitely different because they have gone through the British educational system and have therefore emerged with an identity which is distinct from that of their parents. (3)”They speak English with regional English accents, they look comfortable in Western clothes, and they do not necessarily choose to work in a factory.” But they are unmistakably Asian and they are still held by their Asian cultural roots. At home, an Asian girl may find herself conforming to the traditions and values of her parents, while at school she develops the attitudes and appetites of her British contemporaries. (4)As a result, Seetha Crishna found girls existing at two levels—and inclined to question both. “But unless they can successfully accept both, they will swing constantly from one level to the other, feeling trapped between the two—at considerable cost to their own confidence and happiness.” (5)For teenage girls, the main difficulty is to match the social life which their parents expect them to live with that enjoyed by their schoolmates. “If an Asian girls is invited out to a party or to a film by someone her mother has not met, that person must come and meet her mother before permission is given—or refused. If a group of girls plan to go to the cinema, parents want them to be accompanied by brothers or male cousins, or even by an older relative or a trusted adult friend of the family.” (6)Friends are girl friends. “Friends of the opposite sex simply do not exist, except for a brother’s male friends, who fall into the category of brothers.” In South Asia, all this is taken for granted and all girls are subject to the same rule. But in Britain an Asian girl can immediately see the difference between her own life and that of her English schoolmates, and this makes it seem unjust and unfair. Some parents are aware that this puts a strain on their daughters and are therefore prepared to turn a blind eye if the code is sometimes broken. But above all they are anxious to “protect” the girls.

4． What is NOT true about the Asian British parents? A．They speak English with their homeland accent.

B．They make their living in Britain by working in a factory. C．They have never had any education in Britain.

D．They preserve their native traditions and values at home.

正确答案：A 解析：第3段首句的开头只提到了移民的第二代讲英语的时候带有英国的地

方口音，但从这一句难以判定他们的父母英语讲得怎样，是带有英国地方口音，还是带有祖籍的口音，还是根本不会讲英文，这些都不得而知，故本题应选A。第3段首句最后一个分句暗示父母那一辈都在工厂工作谋生，可见B的说法正确；第2段末句提到移民第二代与父母的差别是因为第二代在英国接受教育而造成的，即他们的父母没有在英国接受教育，故C的说法也正确。这两个选项看起来都比较“绝对”，但却是正确的.根据第3段末句可确定D的说法也正确。 知识模块：阅读

5． Seetha Crishna found that the girls are easily trapped between ______. A．their Asian homes and British schools B．the parents’ cultures and traditions C．the Asian and the British values D．their confidence and happiness

正确答案：C

解析：第4段反复提及both，two等词，但要找到它们指代什么，要回到第3段末句。这一句的at home和at school后的内容表明移民第二代被困在故国文化和英国文化之间，由此可见，本题应选C。 知识模块：阅读

(1)More and more young athletes are taking part in risky, adventurous activities called “extreme sports”, or “X-sports”. Its philosophy is to get as close to the edge as possible. (2)In the past, young athletes would play hockey or baseball. Today, they want risk and excitement—the closer to the edge the better. They snowboard over cliffs and mountain-bike down steep mountains. They windsurf near hurricanes, go white-water rafting through rapids, and bungee-jump from towers. (3)Extreme sports started as an alternative to more expensive sports. A city kid who didn’t have the money to buy expensive sports equipment could get a skateboard and have fun. But now it has become a whole new area of sports, with specialized equipment and high levels of skill. There’s even a special Olympics for extreme sports, called the Winter X-Games, which includes snow mountain biking and ice climbing. An Extreme Games competition is held each summer in Rhode Island. It features sports such as sky surfing, where people jump from airplanes with surfboards attached to their feet. (4)What makes extreme sports so popular? “People love the excitement,” says Murray Nussbaum, who sells sports equipment. “City people want to be outdoors on the weekend and do something challenging. The new e-quipment is so much better that people can take more risks without getting hurt.” An athlete adds, “Sure there’s a risk, but that’s part of the appeal. Once you go mountain biking or snowboarding, it’s impossible to go back to bike riding or skiing. It’s just too boring.” (5)Now even the older crowd is starting to join in. Every weekend a group of friends in their early 30s get together. During the week they work as computer programmers in the same office. On Sundays they rent mountain bikes that cost $2,000 each and ride down steep mountains together. (6)Extreme sports are certainly not for everyone. Most people still prefer to play baseball or basketball or watch sports on TV. But extreme sports are definitely gaining in popularity.

6． What do we know about Murray Nussbaum’s attitude towards extreme sports?

A．He finds them challenging. B．He is excited about them. C．He finds them risky. D．He is being neutral.

正确答案：D 解析：根据题干的Murray Nussbaum定位到第4段。原文前半部分都是Murray Nussbaum说的话，但是他说的都是“别人”对极限运动的看法，没有表明自己对极限运动是什么态度，因此，本题应选

D． 知识模块：阅读

7． Which of the following is NOT true about extreme sports according to the passage?

A．Extreme sports are not as popular as baseball or basketball. B．Extreme sports are principally popular among young people. C．Extreme sports will have a more and more prosperous market. D．Extreme sports require more skills than most of the other sports.

正确答案：D

解析：第3段第3句只提到极限运动需要high levels of skill，但没有比较是否比别的运动需要“更多的”技巧，因此D的说法不正确，正符合题干要求。根据最后一段第2句可知A正确。根据第2段及第6段可知B正确。根据最后一段可知C正确。 知识模块：阅读

(1)People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. (2)Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture”. (3)Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. (4)Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our

biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. (5)The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do. (6)Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.

8． The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem ______. A．why our personalities and behaviors differ B．what makes different stages of intelligence C．how social scientists form different theories D．what causes the “nature/nurture” controversy

正确答案：A 解析：第1段首句指出作者要讨论的问题，第2段开始从两个方面解释该问题，最后一段是总结段，由此看来，第1段首句和最后一段首句提到的human behavior是本文的中心内容，因此A为本题答案。虽然文章第1段第2句就提到intelligent一词，但该句的intelligent，cooperative，competitive等都只是举例说明首句有关personalities和behaviors的问题，由此可见，B并非本文主旨；作者提到两种理论是为了解释性格和行为形成的原因，并非讨论这两种理论形成的原因，因此C、D两项均不正确。 知识模块：阅读

9． Which of the following statements may be supported by the “nature” school? A．We are born with certain personalities and behaviors. B．Environment has nothing to do with our personalities. C．Abilities and characteristics are revealed by behaviors. D．Only extreme behaviors are determined by instincts.

正确答案：A

解析：第3段首句的largely determined by biological and genetic factors和末句的governed by our instincts都表明“天性论”派会认同A的看法，故选A。第3段第2句表明B的has nothing to do with…不正确；原文并未提及C中提到的能力、特点和行为之间的关系；D只是将第3段末句的某些词语拼合在一起，原文并无讨论有关extreme behaviors的内容。 知识模块：阅读

10． What can we learn about the behaviorists?

A．They believe human beings are mechanical. B．They compare our behaviors to the machines.

C．They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do. D．They uphold that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well.

正确答案：C

解析：第4段末句中的like machines，humans respond．．．表明作者并非单纯把人类比作机器，而是把人类对环境的反应与机械对环境的反应作对比，由此可见，C为正确的理解。A片面地理解原文，没有具体指出人类在哪方面与机械相似；B的两个比较的对象与原文不符，原文比较的是人类对刺激的反应(即人类的行为)和机械对刺激的反应，而非B中的人类行为与机械本身作对比；作者只是从某一方面将人类与机械作对比，这并不意味着任何与机械有关的原理都适用于人类，D过于宽泛了。 知识模块：阅读

SECTION BIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the space provided.

PASSAGE ONE

11． What problem is the author most worried about as it is shown at the end of the passage?

正确答案：Climate change．

解析：作者在文章前三段谈到了很多社会问题，有可持续发展的问题，有社会不公平的问题等，还谈到了如何解决这些问题，最后一段开头的Except却话锋一转，指出解决这些问题的雄心壮志都因为climate change的问题而蒙上了阴影，可见，作者到了文章的最后，认为climate change才是最令人担心的问题。 知识模块：阅读

PASSAGE TWO

12． Among girls of Asian origin, girls from which part of Asian is Seetha Crishna most concerned about?

正确答案：South Asian．

解析：第1段末句括号中举例的国家、第2段首句提到的Asian origin和最后一段第3句提到的South Asia都表明Seetha Crishna最关注的是来自南亚的女孩。 知识模块：阅读

PASSAGE THREE

13． Which paragraphs support the author’s idea that extreme games are popular?

正确答案：The last three paragraphs． 解析：最后三段都是围绕第4段的第1句展开讨论，即这三段都在讲极限运

动的受欢迎程度。 知识模块：阅读

PASSAGE FOUR

14． What word can be used to replace “proponents” in the Paragraph Four?

正确答案：Supporters./Advocates．

解析：从第4段首句比较明显地可以看出proponent和该句的they以及behaviorists所指相同，由此可见，proponent应指人；第5段第3句的conclude也表明proponent是有行为能力的人。在这两处，proponent应该是指“支持(某种理论)的人”，故可以表达为supporters，advocates等近义词。 知识模块：阅读

15． Which side does the author stand by, “nature” or “nurture”?

正确答案：Neither． 解析：本文作者在介绍两种理论的时候保持着中立的态度，最后一段的总结也指出两种理论都不完美。自始至终，作者并没有表示对任何一方的支持。 知识模块：阅读