2018考研英语重点语法解读：独立主格

　　独⽴主格在英语中存在的主要价值还是由语⾔简洁的要求决定的，它的产⽣是从状语开始的，并且在考研中也只考查其作为状语的情况。独⽴主格结构为两个句⼦在主语不同的情况下提供了将其合并为⼀个句⼦的可能，通过简单的例⼦可以了解它的由来：

　　1、It is a hot day.　　2、I stay at home.

　　这两个句⼦可以合并为⼀个：It being hot today, I stay at home.

　　其中，being 是可以被省略的，⽽且常常会在it being hot today之前加上介词with以表⽰其和⼀个句⼦的区别;这样with itbeing hot today 就被称为独⽴主格结构。　　⼆、独⽴主格的作⽤和处理⽅法

　　通常情况下，独⽴主格可以表⽰⼀下⼏种情况：　　1、表⽰时间

　　例句：The meeting being over, all of us went home.

　　解析：the meeting being over相当于when the meeting was over。　　2、表⽰条件

　　例句：The condition being favorable, he may succeed.

　　解析：the condition being favorable 相当于 if the condition is favorable。　　3、表⽰原因

　　例句：There being no taxis, we had to walk.

　　解析：there being no taxis 相当于since there was no taxis。　　4、表⽰伴随状况

　　例句：Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all.

　　解析：这句话相当于Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.　　5、表⽰补充说明

　　例句：We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.

　　解析：这句话相当于We redoubled our efforts, and each man works like two。　　三、考研实例解析

　　阅读中通常将带有独⽴主格的句⼦改写为两个句⼦。下⾯⼀起来看⼀个考研真题中的句⼦：President Bush campaignedto move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments forpayments depending on investment returns.

　　解析：with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns为独⽴主格结构，可以改写为⼀个句⼦：Retirees trade much of all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending oninvestment returns.使两个句⼦前后为因果关系。