现在分词和过去分词的对比讲解及练习

龙文教育

个性化辅导教案讲义

任教科目：高中英语

授课题目：过去分词（二）

年 级：高二

任课教师：刘莎

授课对象：蔡明瑞

武汉龙文个性化教育

教研组组长签字： 教学主任签名： 日 期： 武汉龙文教育学科辅导教案 学生 蔡明瑞 教师 刘莎 时间 2015.2.15 星期 星期天 学科 时间段 高二英语 10:00--12:00 1

龙文教育·教育是一项良心工程

中小学1对1课外辅导专家 教学目标：通过老师细致的讲解后，使学生掌握过去分词做表语，定语，状语和补语的用法；通过阅读训练，慢慢提升阅读能力。 教学重难点：根据过去分词的性质，它能做很多不同的成分 教学流程及授课提纲 流程： 1，先让学生回顾上节课所讲的有关过去分词的用法。 2，紧接着讲新课，讲过去分词的其它用法 3，讲解完所有的新课内容后，老师会让学生自己先归纳总结，然后带着学生将知识点串起来，成系统化，最后让学生整理到笔记本上 4，语法讲完之后，接着就是阅读训练 5，学生先做，然后老师进行相应地讲解分析 6, 10分钟单词听写及订正，最后5分钟进行答疑。 提纲： 1，先讲解上次课留下的习题 2，老师通过学生的错题情况相应地强化讲解虚拟语气的相关知识；接着讲过去分词的用法3，归纳总结过去分词的知识点 4，阅读训练 本次课后作业：课下做与课堂相关过去分词的题目以及两篇阅读 课后小记： 学生对于本次课的评价： □特别满意 □满意 □一般 □差 学生签字： 教师评定： 1、学生上次作业评价： □好 □较好 □一般 □差 2、学生本次上课情况评价： □好 □较好 □一般 □差 教师签字： 附： 主任签字：

龙文教育教务处

武汉龙文教育学科辅导讲义

授课对象 授课时间 课 型 教学目标 蔡明瑞 10：00--12:00 复习课 授课教师 授课题目 使用教具 刘莎 过去分词 通过老师细致的讲解后，使学生掌握过去分词做表语，定语，状语和补语的用法；通过阅读训练，慢慢提升阅读能力。 2

龙文教育·教育是一项良心工程

中小学1对1课外辅导专家

教学重点和难点 根据过去分词的性质，它能做很多不同的成分

参考教材

过去分词的讲解

教学流程及授课详案

过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如： Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. He is quite pleased with the design of the dress.

习题巩固：The smile suggests that he is _____(satisfy) with his life. 1））现在分词作表语

现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。 例如：

The story is moving.

※过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别：

（1）过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如：

Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. The news is very surprising.

They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.

At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears. 英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled;

satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。

2) 过去分词做定语：

单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面。如： The excited people rushed into the building. We need more qualified teachers.

注意：单个过去分词作定语时，有时候也会放在名词后面，如

In many countries,words spoken are different from words written.

过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如： Is there anything planned for tomorrow?

The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.

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龙文教育·教育是一项良心工程

中小学1对1课外辅导专家

过去分词作定语也可用作非性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如：

The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语时只表完成，不表被动。 Fallen leaves the gone days 2））现在分词作定语

1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如： The sleeping boy is Tom.

2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如 ： Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise.

= Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise. 3. 现在分词可相当于非性定语，常用逗号分开。例如： Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.

= Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. 4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如： This is an English-speaking country.

（2）过去分词和–ing分词作定语的区别：

过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语： boiled water boiling water developed countries developing countries fallen leaves falling leaves changed condition changing condition

由此可见，过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。

习题巩固：The house ______(build) in 1948 is very old. The boy ______ (dance)on the stage is very cool. China is a ______（develop) country. America is a______（develop) country. He likes the _____(fall) leaves.

3) 过去分词做状语：

过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强

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龙文教育·教育是一项良心工程

中小学1对1课外辅导专家

调时间概念。如：

Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.

Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.

②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：

Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.

Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.

③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如： Given another chance, he will do better.

Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English. If heated, water can be turned into steam.

④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如： Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.

⑤表方式或伴随情况。如：

The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job 3））现在分词作状语

现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，如果不是，需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。

1. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。例如：

Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday. 2. 作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。例如：

Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking.

如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while。例如：

While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon. 3. 作条件状语。

V-ing 形式作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句。例如： Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class. 4. 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。例如：

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龙文教育·教育是一项良心工程

中小学1对1课外辅导专家

Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. 5. 作结果状语。例如：

He died, leaving nothing but debts. 6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。例如： He sat by the roadside, begging.

7， 现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如 ： Having finished his homework, he left the classroom.

特别提醒

过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。如： When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.

Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，必须使用过去分词的主格结构。

4) 过去分词作补足语：

过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语。如： When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined?

When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard. He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. Don't leave those things undone. 动词have后所接的三种宾语补语：

1，have somebody/something do something 不定式作补语必须省去to, 不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作。如： I had the workers do the job for me.

Jim often has his father help him with his homework.,

2，have somebody /something doing something -ing分词作补语，分词动作也由宾语发出，强调动作的延续或正在进行。如： They had the tractor working all the time.

We won’t have the child talking to his mother like that.

3，have somebody/something done 过去分词作补语，宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，通常有两种情况：

①主语让别人做某事，强调事情被做。如： He had his hair cut yesterday.

Later on the center had a great many new trees planted.

②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如：

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龙文教育·教育是一项良心工程

中小学1对1课外辅导专家

He had his leg broken in the match last month. He had one eye lost in the war. 习题训练

（过作宾补）1. I’m going to have my car ________ . A. to be fixed B. to fix C. fixed D. to fix

（过作后定）2. What’s the language ______ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak

（过作伴状）3. ______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. having been followed by （过作宾补）4. He had his leg _______ in the match yesterday. A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking

（过短作后定）5. Most of the people _______ to the party were famous scientists.

A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting

（过作原状）6. ________ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given

（过作伴状）7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _________ behind his back.

A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied

（过作非限定）8. The computer center, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.

A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened

（过作状）9. ________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose

（过作非限定）10. The Olympic Games, _________ in 776BC, didn’t include women players until 1912.

A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first played （过作表）11. Don’t get _________ in the rain. A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught

（过作宾补）12. I found a car _________ in a pool by the side of the road. A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick

（过作宾补）13. ---By the way, when did you get your bedroom _______ ? ---Last week.

A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted

（过作主补）14. The children were found _________ in the cave.

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龙文教育·教育是一项良心工程

中小学1对1课外辅导专家

A. trapping B. trapped C. to be trapped D. be trapped

（现作宾补）15. They found a ______ old woman _______ on the ground when the door was broken down.

A. dying, lying B. dead, lied C. death, laying D. died, lain

（现作定，过作主补）16. On a _____ morning the little girl was found _______ at the corner of the street.

A. freezing, freezing B. freezing, frozen C. frozen, frozen D. frozen, freezing

（现作宾）17. No one enjoys ______ fun of in public. A. making B. being made C. to be made D. to make

（过作宾补）18. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word _____.

A. speaking B. spoken C. to be spoken D. speak

（过作时状）19. ______ from space, the earth, with water _______ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.

A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered （过作定）20. An _________ crowd is waiting the arrival of the film star. A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitedly

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龙文教育·教育是一项良心工程