of
New College English
Unit 1
Vocabulary I.
1. On balance 2. resist 3. haul 4. wicked 5. illustrated 6. budget 7. lowering 8. boundary 9. involved 10. economic 11. blasting 12. just about II.
1. cut back / down 2. pick up 3. get by 4. get through 5. face up to 6. turn in 7. making up for 8. think up III.
1. pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy. 2. often generated misleading thoughts.
3. attach great importance to combining theory with practice in our work. 4. be suspected of doing everything for money. 5. before he gets through life. IV.
1. …their indoor… a profit… to invest in
2. …device… the improvement… on a global scale 3. …stacked… temptation… never dined out Confusable words I. 1. house 2. Home 3. home…family 4. household II. 1. doubt 2. suspected 3. doubted 4. suspected 5. suspect Word Formation 1. rise 2. final 3. regular 4. cash 5. hows …whys 6. upped 7. yellowed 8. bottled 9. lower 10. search Comprehensive Exercise I.
1. gets by 2. temptation 3. get through 4. improvement 5. aside from 6. suspect 7. supplement 8. profit 9. stacking II.
1. replaced 2. consider 3. quit 4. world 5. tough 6. fuels 7. provide 8. luxuries 9. balance 10. ideal Translation I.
1. We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor.
2. My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took
over (responsibility for) my upbringing at that point.
3. The toys have to meet strict / tough safety requirements before they can be sold to children. 4. Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as a carrier of
news and opinion.
5. When it comes to this magazine, it is / carries a digest of articles from many newspaper and
magazines around the world. II.
A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened / set up a household device store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily for the improvement in the quality of their lives.
But, to run a business on a small scale is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expenses. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premiums for the various kinds of insurance she needed.
Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life.
Text B
Comprehension check: a c d b a c Language practice
1. g f e d b h a c
2. 1) roast 2) cable 3) at one time 4) get along 5) missed out on 6) commute
7)taken over 8) make sense 9) go with 10) dizzy 11) gasped 12) networks
Unit 2
Vocabulary
1. 1）decades 2）historic 3）imposed 4）religious 5）slender 6）web 7）bade 8）site 9）on the side 10）authorized 11）terminal 12）make the best of 2. （1）went through（2）stood up for（3）laid down（4）take on（5）let (us) down （6）draw on （7）fall into （8）pass for
3. （1）are fully confident that the Americans will not be able to justify their measures to protect
the struggling American steel industry.
（2）in the eyes of Joe Klain, staff writer of the New Yorker and author of The Natural, the
most talented politician of his generation and the most compelling. （3）people are really intent on destroying themselves with drugs. （4）could forget a completely different approach to life.
（5）is our conviction that cloning of human beings is bound to cause many ethical and social
problems in the long run.
4. （1）As for, do not comple, capture of, have forged （2）At huge risk, the mission, shelter （3）who abolished, In the eyes of, racial Words with multiple meanings
1. I’ll tell you in a minute how I have attained the genuine sense of belonging in America, but first let me hear about your French trip.
2. Most McDonald’s look almost the same on the outside, but actually there are about 16 different basic designs.
3. Loaning money from the banks is but one of the methods we can use to get through a financial crisis.
4. This second-hand car has been nothing but trouble; it’s always breaking down. 5. In your résumé you’ve mentioned everything but one vital point.
6. Our technicians have discovered a simple but effective solution to the problem.
7. I am sorry, but I think you shouldn’t have lingered on over coffee and missed the last bus. 8. The bankruptcy of the company was not caused by evil, but by simple ignorance. Usage
1. lonely 2. friendly 3. weekly, monthly 4. lovely 5. cowardly 6. kindly/saintly 7. lively 8. motherly Comprehensive Exercises I . Cloze
1. (1)forged (2)stand up (3)compelled (4)convictions (5)mission (6)abolish (7)intent
on (8) risk (9)In the eyes of (10)threats
2. (1) assistance (2) involved (3) estimated (4)coincidence (5)emerged (6)referred
(7) numerous (8) stationed (9) concern (10)capture II. Translation 1.
(1)Though grealty affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis.
(2) Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement.
(3) According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials.
(4) Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once.
(5) Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world. 2.
Shortly after he achieved freedom Henson became intent on assisting fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some salve catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully acoided capture. Later he built a small settlement in Dresden, Canada for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school. He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed.
Text B
Comprehension Check: 1. b c d b b a Translation
1. 这一和平的不服从行为在蒙哥马利引发了抗议，最终使少数民族权利在法律上发生了变化，开创了美国民权运动的新时代。
2. 后来她解释说，这儿似乎是她结束受人摆布、弄清如果有的话她究竟有何人权的地方。
3. 但是，蒙哥马利的黑人团体认为应该团结在她周围组织抗议活动，她是适合担此重任的公民，因为她是该市最优秀的公民之一。 4. 他说：“只有极少人能说自己的行动和行为改变了国家的面貌。罗莎·帕克斯就是那些人中的一个。” Language Practice
1. d e f b g a h c
2. 1)trial 2)activist 3)equality 4)arrested 5)transportation 6)representatives 7) legal 8) boycotts 9)fame 10)representation 11)ushered in 12)lain in honor/in state
Unit 3
Vocabulary 1.
1) threatens 2) by a small margin 3) civilize 4) closed up 5) wandered 6) paste 7) without so much as 8) sideways 9) hook up to 10) universal 11) chart 12) bathed in 2.
1) narrowed down 2) looked back on 3) cut off 4) fit into 5) wear (the other) down 6) lies in 7) put up 8) stand for 3.
1) which is likely to make people vulnerable to asthma has been found by researchers at the Department of Clinical Medicine in Oxford.
2) with mirrored doors had to be built in so as to make their small bedroom look larger. 3) feature the space shuttle Challenger blowing up in January 1986 – killing all seven crew. 4) threatened to keep the pupils in after school they were quieted at once.
5) are a major barrier to the country’s economic growth due to the fact that imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange/because imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange. 4.
1) looked back on atmosphere urban life 2) era hooked up to the the electronic 3) the suburb a sophisticated system analyze make errors II. Collocation
1) away 2) inside/in 3) forward/through 4) back 5) off 6) home 7) back down 8) in out III. Usage
1. Internet is not such an unusual word as it used to be 2. Most men do not look unattractive in them
3. Wealthy as she is, she is not unconcerned by her sudden unemployment
4. This claim is not unrealistic in view of a sharp decrease in the city’s violent crimes 5. His poor health is not unrelated to his unhealthy way of life Comprehensive Exercises Cloze
1. (1) Statistics (2) rural (3) era (4) stood for (5) on the latch
(6) vulnerable (7) barriers (8) electronic (9) reflection (10) civilized 2. (1) tougher (2) liable (3) shift (4) electric (5) cautious (6) sophisticated (7) thieves (8) break (9) chances (10) signs
Translation
1. The internet is changing the way people live, no matter whether they are in urban or rural
areas.
2. Medium-sized and small companies are more vulnerable to the threat of the economic crisis
than large ones.
3. With regard to our term papers, the professor asked us to analyze the chart of unemployment
first, and then provide critical reflections on the nation’s economic development.
4. It never occurred to him that their team would win the basketball match by a large margin. 5. Looking back on my twenty years’ teaching in high school, I attributed my success to patience,
talent, and the constant pursuit of knowledge. 2.
It is almost impossible to keep a determined burglar out. All you can do is discourage him for a few minutes, thus exposing him to police patrols. Common sense tells us that lighting is a barrier to criminal activity. A light should be fixed in the doorway and switched on at night. Make sure/Assure yourself that you don’t leave the door on the latch if happen to be the last to come in. If you decide to buy a sophisticated electronic alarm system, be sure to ask for its signs and put them up on both windows and doors. In addition you may have it hooked up to a police station.
Text B
Comprehension check: b b b d a d Language practice
1. d f h a g e b c
2. 1) belief 2) wrapping 3) draw the line at 4) break into 5) take the plunge 6) squeeze 7) advocated 8) insure 9) in his favor 10) Under no circumstances 11) on the line 12) aimed at
Unit 4
Vocabulary
1. 1) accordingly 2)loose 3)concentration 4)stimulating 5)fabric 6) if anything 7)reality 8)intuition 9)trifle 10)at the turn of the century 11)mess 12)undermine 2. 1)approve of 2)slow down 3)taken in 4)sucked into 5)set…apart 6)dozed off 7)call forth 8)stretch into 9)keep up with 10)believe in 3.
1) provided inspiration for many artists and musicians over the decades 2) is credited to his powers of imagination
3) on the foundations of an agricultural revolution
4) not to make any complaints in the presence of the nurse 5) the outbreak of the Second World War 4.
1) flaw; came to the conclusion; would get nowhere 2) in a row; dozed off; a mess of
3) outbreak of; has undermined; has strained II. Collocation
1. with Christmas only a week away 2. With his physical condition improving day by day 3. With our GDP growing steadily 4. With all the shops closed
5. with her eyes closed 6. With the fog lifting during the night III. Usage
1. like / as 2. as 3. like 4. like / as 5. as / like 6. as 7. like 8. as Cloze 1
1. caution 2. came to the conclusion 3. never get anywhere 4. undermining 5. not give / care a fig 6. flaw 7. beyond any doubt 8. foundation 9. remarkable / impressive 10. imagination Cloze 2
1. extent 2. inventions 3. bet 4.manages 5.vision 6. eventually 7. achievement 8. poverty 9. utilized 10. breakthrough Translation
1. The volunteers sent / assigned by the Red Cross disinfected, with great caution , the drinking
water in the village so as to avoid an outbreak of plague.
2. Einstein spent many years trying to unify the theories of electromagnetism and gravity but
failed.
3. Professor Wang received / won the Presidential Award for his excellence in stimulating
students’ creative imagination.
4. As there were some major design flaws, the board of directors didn’t approve of the economic
stimulus package.
Having realized that nobody could help him, Jordan finally came to the conclusion that he had to face reality and take up / meet the challenge by himself. 2．
What was remarkable about 2005 was perhaps that the United Nations declared it “The World Year of Physics ”. It was the 100th anniversary of Einstein’s theory of relativity and the 50th anniversary of his death. In 1905, Einstein published five highly important essays in the history of science, thus revolutionizing physics. His great achievements can be credited to his impressive powers of imagination, constant questioning, and not giving a fig for authority. It is beyond doubt that Einstein was the greatest scientist in the 20th century.
Text B
Comprehension check: c d b a c d Language practice
1. e f h g a c b d
2. 1) contribution 2) find out 3) appreciate 4) overcome 5) consult 6) despite 7) widespread 8)come by 9) not…amount to much 10) resistance 11) conflict 12) disarmed
Unit 5
I. Vocabulary
1. 1) sprinkled 2) in turn 3) reversed 4) repay 5) at sea 6) traditional 7) statement 8) longed for 9)in secret 10) unloaded 11) weep 12) under way 2. 1) stretch out 2) make out 3) hope for 4) turns over 5) put away 6) bring back 7) got to 8) go about
3. 1) …diminish, people are working to increase the use of solar energy.
2) … accord high priority to meeting the challenges of economic and environmental
development in the region
3) …are exposed to more information than were children of the past, it does not follow that they
automatically become more sophisticated.
4) …has been immersed in British history and culture.
5) … in a flash on June 1, 2000 when he lost both legs in a serious traffic accident.
4. 1) my sincere, considerate of, with gratitude 2）assembled, amid the, in quest of 3) was marvelous, had undergone, swift, and the rest II. Collocation
1. fond of 2. sick of 3. thoughtful of 4. confident of 5. conscious of 6. critical of 7.
guilty of 8. ashamed of III. usage
1. To know what people really think, pay regard to what they do, rather than what they say. 2. It is cooperation, rather than conflict, that will enable you to achieve your success. 3. Ann made students think for themselves rather than telling them what to think. 4. I think I’ll stay at home this evening rather than go/going out.
5. Most people are content to let perfect days happen at random rather than plan/planning for
them. Cloze
1. 1) at sea 2) Turning over 3) reverse 4) got to 5) repay 6) gratitude 7) assembled 8)
immersed in 9) unloading 10) swift
2. 1) Instead 2) possessions 3) richer 4) breath 5) cherish 6) special 7) specific 8)
shining 9) miracles 10) gift Translation 1.
1) Grandma took it for granted that food prices would soar, so she bought a lot of prize. 2) I can quote you several instances of her dedication to science.
3) The 1980s saw the start of the swift development of some special economic zones in China. 4) Tension between the two countries stemmed in part from the latest spy affair.
5) Peter has worked in a law firm for many years,. You can consider having him as your lawyer
to act on your behalf when you need legal help. 2.
Amid the atmosphere of Thanksgiving George was immersed in the diary left to him by his father, who died at sea after he completed two successive trips around the world. The diary brought back every moment George had spent with his father and many of the specific things his father did on his behalf. George’s father used to impress on him the need to undergo all kinds of hardship in quest of excellence. Even today, George still remembers how his father would quote Aesop’s famous saying “Gratitude is the sign of noble souls” and tell him to accord the greatest importance to it.
Text B
Comprehension Check: b d d a d a Language practice:
1. e g b d h f c a
2. 1) consistency 2) favorable 3) compassionate 4) perceived 5) volunteers 6) Negative
7) cut off 8) on a …basis 9) on average 10) per 11) concrete 12) enhancing
Unit 6
Text Organization 1.
1) She made up her mind to die when the last leaf fell. 2) She decided not to give up her life.
3) Behrman, a kind neighbor, who was aware of Johnsy’s state of mind, risked death to paint the last leaf and save her.
4) Because it was so perfect the girls both mistook it for the real thing. 2.
Two Paras. 3-8 the doctor, Sue
The doctor told Sue that Johnsy needed a strong will to live on. Three Paras. 9-17 Johnsy, Sue
Johnsy decided that she would die when the last ivy leaf fell. Four Paras. 18-21 Behrman, Sue
Sue told Behrman about Johnsy’s fancy. Five Paras. 22-33 Sue, Johnsy
As Johnsy was encouraged by the last leaf that wouldn’t give in to the weather, her will ot live returned.
Six Paras. 34-37 the doctor, Sue
The doctor told Sue that Johnsy would recover, but that Behrman had caught pneumonia himself and his case was hopeless. Seven Paras. 38-39 Sue, Johnsy
Sue told Johnsy that Behrman had performed a kind deed without any thought of self. Vocabulary
1. 1) masterpeices 2) fragile 3) fancy 4) nonsense 5) cling to 6) endure 7) acute 8) whistle 9) mock 10) subtracted 11) sin 12) flutter / fluttering 2. 1) gave in / gave up 2) figure out 3) sized up 4) wiped out 5) pulling up 6) wear away 7) sit up 8) hear of / about 3.
1) usually stand out in childhood memories.
2) a joint bachelor’s degree program in environmental studies together with Duke University. 3) still stalks the country.
4) scarcely any surface water in the desert.
5) for change in the election law is so persistent that both houses have promised to consider it. 4.
1) dreary, mingled with, not to excess, a merry 2) called to us, in a whisper, in tune with
3) backward, wet through, won’t hear of, turn loose your Words with Multiple Meanings
1. He went to Paris on business last month.
2. The train to Brussels goes at 2:25 p.m.
3. As soon as they arrived at the meadow, the shepherd let the sheep go.
4. We went exploring together in the mountains. / We will go exploring together in the
mountains.
5. Let’s go and have a drink in the bar. 6. The store is going to close up soon.
7. South Koreans went crazy when their soccer players beat the Spanish team in the
quarter-finals.
8. When the mother came out of the house, she found her children gone. Usage
1. a little white wooden house 2. long, curly red hair 3. a large old round table 4. a cheap Indian restaurant
5. a huge cool chocolate ice-cream 6. rapid technological advance
7. a handsome young Chinese American Comprehensive Exercises
1. (1) in tune (2) Scarcely (3) in a whisper (4) cling to (5) merry
(6) sat up (7) nonsense (8) fancy (9) sin (10) masterpiece 2. (1) mission (2) involve (3) jail (4) not (5) collect (6) deliver (7) beautiful (8) vacation (9) need (10) small Translation 1.
1) The red house stands out against the old trees that reach high up to the sky. 2) The salary in / for my new job in great, but for the rest, I’m not satisfied. 3) The waters of the two streams mingle near our village. 4) We should not mock at other people’s religious beliefs.
5) The curtains of the room are not quite in tune with the style of the furniture. 2. Here and there we see young artists who stand out from other people. They may be in worn-out jeans all the year round, or walk barefoot / in bare feet even in winter, or drink to excess, or cling to the fancy of creating a masterpiece without actually doing any creative work. In fact, many of them act like this just to look the part, or to be in tune with other artists. They have forgotten that only through persistent effort can one achieve success.
Text B
Comprehension check: b c b c d a Language practice
1. f c a g b e h d
2. 1) conscious 2) outline 3) enables 4) moans 5) started off 6) cut…short 7) serial 8) toughen 9) Military 10) pulled out 11) collapsed 12) encouragement
Unit 7
I. Vocabulary 1. disabled 2. impatient 3. solitary 4. crushed 5. feel like 6. lashed 7. echoing 8. paused 9. betrayed 10. laundry 11. section 12. tilted 2. Fill in phrasal verbs 1. cared for 2. hang on 3. was laid up with 4. are gaining on 5. kicked up 6. went off 7. drop off 8. straighten out 3. Rewrite sentences
1. sometimes didn’t register with her
2. in disorder, drawers pulled out, shoes and boots scattered 3. was transferred from Father’s account to my account
4. a pledge to contribute 100,000 dollars to the Children in Need charity campaign 5. the most profitable business in that province 4. Complete sentences
1. gaining on, off balance, was laid up in, scar on 2. a cripple /crippled, surgery, limitations, in literature
3. commission, on the phone, his territory, never registers with II. Usage
1. I never did go over these books, although I probably should have.
2. I know this is a personal question. You don’t have to answer me if you don’t want to. 3. I think this topic should have attracted far more attention from philosophers than it has. 4. “I think you’re right.” --- “I’m sure I am.”
5. “He thought that the condition was hereditary in his case.” --- “Well, it might be.” 6. “Sugar?” --- “No, maybe next time.”
7. The house is only a building. It is a place to live, nothing more. 8. Diane: You didn’t! Tell me you didn’t! Father: Oh, yes. Anything for my children. III. Word Family 1.1 bored 1.2 boredom 1.3 bored 1.4 boringly 1.5 boring 2.1 encouraged 2.2 encouragingly 2.3 encouraging 2.4 encouragement 3.1 frozen 3.2 freeze 3.3 freezing 3.4 freezer 3.5 freeze Cloze
1. 1. off … feet 2. signature 3. commission 4. on the phone 5. laid up 6. surgery 7. territory 8. disorder 9. applying for 10. dignity
2. 1. didn’t 2. read 3. come 4. money 5. because 6. earning 7. doing 8. own 9. obviously 10. value II Translation 1.
1. I grew terribly scared when I heard sounds of footsteps echoing round the hallway at midnight yesterday.
2. The name-brand sports shoes are guaranteed for 12 months.
3. Snowstorms threw communications and transportation into disorder.
4. I’ve been suffering a lot of stress from work lately. I feel like taking a vacation at the seaside. 5. Living in an apartment is all right, but it has its limitations --- for example, you don’t have your
own garden. 2.
Tom was born a cripple, with one of his lower limbs useless. Early in his childhood, he learned that unless he so exerted himself as to rise above his limitations, he could not earn a living, and unless he succeeded in making a living on his own, he could not win /gain the respect of others. That was the price he had to pay for his dignity as a human being.
Tom applied for numerous jobs, only to be turned down, before he finally got one as a delivery boy for a Pizza Hut. He then worked as a sales representative for a sportswear company in a territory no one else would want. Today he owns a fairly profitable retail shop in his hometown, and hires several people to work for him.
Text B
Comprehension check: c d a d d b Language practice
1. h c e f b d a g
2.1) institutions 2) campus 3) myth 4) advertise 5) criticized 6) took on 7) putting…through 8) settled into 9) come down to 10) lucrative 11) loaded 12) scratch
Unit 8
Vocabulary
1. 1) complications 2) tremendous 3) brilliant 4) analysis 5) transplant 6) In a sense 7) consented 8) In some ways 9) eyesight 10) in reality 11)implanted 12) procedures 2. 1) focus on 2) come forward 3) result from 4) go through 5) carry out 6) work on 7) feed on 8) settled over 3. 1) …resulted from a childhood illness
2) …was condemned by the trade unions as endangering jobs
3) …in place, even those with persistent, long-term mental illnesses can usually learn to manage their symptoms and live productive lives.
4) …but apparently showed disapproval of his behavior
5) …you should make the most of any advice which you can get from the interviewer. 4. 1) misconceptions, potential, make the most of 2) donated, contentious issue 3) a fraud, in some ways, condemn him II. Collocation
1) permission to adopt her 2) a willingness to restart peace talks 3) failure to find meaning in life 4) his determination to realize his ideals 5) attempt to blow up the bridge 6) an opportunity to pursue a college degree III. Usage
1) Do you consider it any good continuing your investigations? 2) It is reported that two people wee killed in the explosion 3) I owe it to you that I have been able to get back to my studies 4) It is no good bothering about such a trifle
5) It won’t do you any good to hide your sickness for fear of treatment 6) We all think it a pity to give up the experiment half way Cloze
1. 1) issue 2) contentious 3) clones 4) potential 5) condemn 6) misconceptions 7) opponents 8) results from 9) come forward 10) donated
2. 1) prospect 2) intention 3) Despite 4) developing 5) publish 6) condemned 7) among 8) standpoint 9) standard 10) rejection Translation 1.
1) Medical experts debated whether the cloning of human beings should be permitted and what its potential effects on society might be.
2) Eighty-five per cent of the people in the local area are in full-time employment: only 3% describe themselves as unemployment.
3) The departments concerned in China will speed up legislation to protect rights of migrant workers.
4) In recent years, some psychologists have tried to explain intelligence from a biological standpoint.
5) The global financial crisis has had a huge impact on that country’s export industry. In no more than six months, many factories have closed down by necessity. 2.
Dolly the sheep resulted from a cloning experiment by a group of Scottish scientist in 1997.A fierce debate on human cloning has ever since been going on. This contentious issue has focused on ethical and social implications of the technology: what the technology might do to the very meaning of human reproduction, child rearing, individuality, et cetera.
The majority of scientists are adamantly opposed to reproductive cloning and support therapeutic cloning for treating diseases. The reason is that therapeutic cloning does not involve any type of risk to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in human beings. Scientists believe that with policies and monitoring in place to ensure that therapeutic cloning is used safely, we can all benefit from this procedure.
Text B
Comprehension check： d c b d b c Language practice
1. c h g e a b d f
2. 1) artificial 2) labeled 3) objections 4) appealed to 5) reinforce 6) by virtue of 7) come to terms with 8) In essence 9) prohibited 10) origin 11) debate 12) arise
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