四、六级完型填空解题思路指导
四、六级完型填空属于集中给选项型题型，一个空的选择错误往往会导致其他空的连锁错误发生，所以在解题时需要从词法（词性、词形、词义）、句法（句子结构）、语义等多角度仔细分析。下面以2016年完型为例做详细讲解。
2016年完型 Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）
Section A Directions：
In this section， there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
When someone commits a criminal act, we always hope the punishment will match the offense.
当某人犯下犯罪行为时，我们总是希望惩罚与罪行相匹配。
But when it comes to one of the cruelest crimes — animal fighting — things rarely work out that way. (思路点拨：修饰动词用副词，所有选项中只有rarely和critically两个副词，所以该空变为二选一，再结合意思确定，“but”和上文形成相反关系，
上文副词always，本句应该用其反义词，故选rarely.)
但是，当涉及到最残酷的罪行之一——动物搏斗时，事情很少是这样的。
when it comes to+n/doing 固定句型，当谈论到、提到、说到…的时候。例如：When it comes to getting off work, he knows all the dodges. 说到请假歇班，他什么花招都想得出。
Dog fighting victims are tortured （思路点拨：此处缺谓语动词，通过连词and的线索知道所缺单词和killed一起构成谓语部分，且Be+过去分词表被动，选项中过去分词只有两个：inspired 和tortured,再结合语义，和killed表达的是相近语义，故选tortured）and killed for profit and “sport,” （注意此处非运动之意，旧词新意需要特别关注。[U] (formal) 乐趣；消遣；玩笑；逗乐 enjoyment or fun）yet their criminal abusers often receive a minimal sentence (思路点拨：sentence为名词判决、判刑，修饰名词用形容词，于是变成三选一：convenient, inadequate 和minimal,通过语境线索“yet”知道前后语义相反：造成终身痛苦却只收到最低处罚；而且后文中出现了minimum sentence这一同义复现词组)for causing a lifetime of pain.
人们为了牟利和消遣而逗狗，斗狗的受害者遭受酷刑和杀害，但其犯罪施虐者给受害者造成了终生痛苦却仅仅被判处最低刑期。
Sentence： [C, U] 判决；宣判；判刑 the punishment given by a court a jail/prison sentence 判处监禁 a light/heavy sentence 轻判；重判 to be under sentence of death 被判处死刑
Roughly half of all federally-convicted animal fighters only get probation(缓刑).
在所有被联邦政府定罪的动物斗士中，大约有一半只获得缓刑。
convict [kənˈvɪkt , ˈkɑːnvɪkt]
verb [VN] [often passive] ~ sb (of sth) 定罪；宣判…有罪 to decide and state officially in court that sb is guilty of a crime
a convicted murderer 已定罪的谋杀犯
He was convicted of fraud. 他被判犯有诈骗罪。 反义词： acquit noun also informal con 已决犯；服刑囚犯 a person who has been found guilty of a crime and sent to prison an escaped convict 越狱犯
Some progress has been made in the prosecution(起诉) of animal fighters. But federal judges often rely heavily on the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines when they determine penalties,（思路点拨：本句缺谓语，所以需要填动词，而且结合上下文及语义，这句话应该用一般现在时的主动语态，所以所填动词应该用原形，所以变为三选一：hesitate, determine和strengthen,再结合意思应该用determine: 确定；裁决；安排 to officially decide and/or arrange sth : The court determined (that) the defendant should pay the legal costs. 法庭裁决由被告支付诉讼费用。） and in the case of animal fighting, those guidelines are outdated and extremely inadequate.(思路点拨：and并列连词连接对等成分，所填词汇和outdated并列，所以应该选形容词，于是变成
三选一：convenient, inadequate 和minimal。Minimal已经选过，所以变成二选一。再结合and前的outdated,贬义词，故选inadequate)
在起诉动物斗士方面已经取得了一些进展。但联邦法官在确定刑罚时往往严重依赖美国的量刑准则，而在动物打架的案件中，这些准则已经过时，而且极其不充分。
The U.S. Sentencing Commission, which creates （思路点拨：which引导定语从句，which做从句主语，需要谓语动词，且为一般现在时主动语态，定语从句的单复数要和先行词保持一致，先行词量刑委员会为单数，所以此处需要动词的第三人称单数形式。选项中只有creates 和shelters符合形式，再根据语义确定。Shelter不符合语义：verb 1 [VN] ~ sb/sth (from sb/sth) 保护；掩蔽 to give sb/sth a place where they are protected from the weather or from danger; to protect sb/sth Trees shelter the house from the wind. 树给房子挡住了风。 2 [V] ~ (from sth) 躲避（风雨或危险） to stay in a place that protects you from the weather or from danger We sheltered from the rain in a doorway. 我们在一处门廊里避雨。 ）these sentencing guidelines, is revisiting them, proposing to raise the minimum sentence from 6-12 to 21-27 months.
制定这些量刑准则的美国量刑委员会正在重新审查这些准则，提议将最低刑期从6-12个月提高至21-27个月。
This is a step in the right direction, （思路点拨：形容词right修饰名词，故此处需要填名词：direction, method, sufferings,和shelters，再结合上下文和介词in构成搭配的只有direction:in…direction）but we’d like to see the U.S. Sentencing Commission make further guidelines.
这是朝着正确方向迈出的一步，但我们希望看到美国判刑委员会制定进一步的指导方针。
Simultaneous to this effort, we’re working with animal advocates and state and federal lawmakers to strengthen （思路点拨：此处to…为不定式表目的，所以需要填动词原形，故又变成三选一，再结合语义，应选strengthen：加强）anti-cruelty laws across the country, as well as supporting laws and policies that assist overburdened animal shelters （思路点拨：及物动词帮助assist后为名词短语作宾语，在that引导的定语从句中谓语动词没有用第三人称单数形式，所以此处所填名词应改为复数形式，所以只有sufferings和shelters两个词符合，再结合语义，保护动物受害者的地方，所以应该选shelters: [C] (often in compounds 常构成复合词) （尤指用以躲避风雨或攻击的）遮蔽物，庇护处，避难处 a structure built to give protection, especially from the weather or from attack an air-raid shelter 防空洞）that care for animal fighting victims.
与此同时，我们正与动物权益倡导者、州和联邦立法者合作，在全国范围内加强反虐待法，并支持相关的法律和政策，帮助负担过重的动物收容所照顾动物打架受害者。
This help is critically important because the high cost of caring for animal victims is a major deterrent to intervening in cruelty cases in the first place. (思路点拨：修饰形容词用副词，故变为二选一：critically 和rarely，rarely已经用过，故只能选critically)
这种帮助是至关重要的，因为照顾动物受害者的高昂费用是对干预虐待案件的主要威慑。
A) convenient B) creates C) critically D) determine
E) direction F) hesitate G) inadequate H)inspired
I) method J) minimal K) rarely L) shelters
M) strengthen N) sufferings O) tortured
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